Therapeutic Effects of Traditional Chinese Medicine on Spinal Cord Injury: A Promising Supplementary Treatment in Future
Table 1
Sources, structures, doses, and mechanisms of six natural compounds in SCI treatment.
Name
Source
Structure
Dose
Mechanism
Curcumin
Dried rhizome of Curcuma longa L. in Zingiberaceae; Curcumae Longae Rhizoma
() In vivo: 100 mg/kg, i.p.; 200 mg/kg/day, p.o. () In vitro: 1 M for 24 h or 7 days
() Antioxidant (SOD, MDA, GSH/GSSH, GSH-PX, and CAT) () Anti-inflammatory (NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, RANTES, and Nrf2/ARE pathway) () Neuroprotective effect (GFAP, NSE) () Antiapoptosis effect (caspase-3 and caspase-7)
Resveratrol
Polygonum cuspidatum, red wine, red grape skins, berries such as blueberries, peanuts, and other nuts
In vivo: 100 g/kg, i.v.; 10 mg/kg, i.v. (New Zealand white rabbit); 20 mg/kg, i.p.; 50 mg/kg, i.p.; 60 mg/kg, i.p.; 100 mg/kg, i.p.; 200 mg/kg, i.p.
() Antioxidant (MDA, SOD, XO, NO, and GSH) () Antiapoptosis (Bax, Bcl-2, caspase-3, PI3K/Akt pathway, and MAPKs signaling pathways)
EGCG
Dried fresh leaves of the plant Camellia sinensis L. Ktze. in Theaceae
In vivo: 50 mg/kg, i.p.; 100 mg/kg, i.p.
() Antioxidant (O2−, SOD, and MDA) () Anti-inflammatory (IL-1β, TNF-α, and ICAM-1) () Antiapoptosis (Bax, Bcl-2, and Bcl-2/Bax ratio) () Neuroprotective effect (NT-3, BDNF, AQP4, and GFAP)
Ligustrazine
Dried rhizome of Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. in Umbelliferae
In vivo: 30 mg/kg, i.p.
() Anti-inflammatory (IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-10, and NF-κB) () Antioxidant (MDA, SOD) () Antiapoptosis (Bcl-2, Bax, caspase-3, and PI3K/Akt pathway)
Quercetin
Apples, onions, citrus fruits, berries, red grapes, red wine, and broccoli
In vivo: 0.2 mg/kg/d, i.p.; 20 mg/kg twice daily, i.p.
() Antioxidant (MDA, SOD, GSH, NO, and MPO) () Anti-inflammatory (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) () Antiapoptosis (caspase-3, p38MAPK signaling pathway)
Puerarin
Dried root of Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi in Leguminosae
50 mg/kg, i.p.
Neuroprotective activity (p35, p25, glutamate, Trx-1, and Trx-2)
Animals used in experiments are rats without special explanation.
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