Autophagy Protects from Raddeanin A-Induced Apoptosis in SGC-7901 Human Gastric Cancer Cells

Figure 3

(a) Cell inhibition rates were measured by MTT assay, after inhibiting or inducing autophagy. HCQ (1 μM) was added as autophagy inhibitor, while Rap (100 nM) was used as autophagy inducer. The bars indicate standard errors. The asterisk indicates a significant increase in the inhibition rate between groups. Data are expressed as mean ± SD of three experiments (, ). (b) Cell apoptosis rates were measured by FCM, after inhibiting or inducing autophagy. Results shown are of an experiment representative of apoptosis. Q1-UL showed that cells were undergoing necrosis, and Q1-UR showed that cells were at the end stage of apoptosis. Q1-LL showed that cells were viable or there was no measurable apoptosis. Q1-LR showed that cells were undergoing apoptosis. (c) Western blotting analysis showed the levels of apoptosis and autophagy related proteins, after inhibiting or inducing autophagy. The protein levels of Bcl-XL, Bcl-2, BAX, cleaved-caspase-3, cleaved-PARP, Beclin-1, ATG5, LC3, and p-mTOR were determined by western blotting.