| Use | Plant parts used | Country practiced | References |
| Abdominal pain | Leaf juice or decoction taken orally | Ethiopia, Tanzania | [26, 27] |
| Abdominal pain | Bark decoction mixed with roots of Cucumis ficifolius A. Rich. taken orally | Ethiopia | [28] |
| Abortifacient | Seeds eaten | Ethiopia | [29, 30] |
| Allergies | Pounded leaves rubbed on affected body parts | Ethiopia | [20, 31] |
| Amoebiasis | Leaf decoction taken orally | Ethiopia | [32] |
| Antidote for snake and scorpion venom | Bark, ground into powder and applied to affected body part | Ethiopia | [33] |
| Anthrax | Root decoction taken orally | Ethiopia | [34] |
| Ascariasis | Bark, leaf, or root decoction taken orally | Ethiopia | [35, 36] |
| Atopic eczema | Leaf decoction applied to affected body part | Ethiopia | [20] |
| Backache | Leaf and root decoction taken orally | Kenya | [37] |
| Bleeding or blood coagulant | Ashes, bark, and leaf juice applied on affected body part | Ethiopia, Kenya | [31, 32, 38, 39] |
| Bloat | Leaf juice taken orally | Ethiopia | [26] |
| Cancer | Leaf and root decoction taken orally | Ethiopia, Kenya | [37, 40] |
| Cleansing blood circulation system | Leaf decoction taken orally | Kenya | [41] |
| Cleansing digestive system | Leaf decoction taken orally | Kenya | [41] |
| Colds | Leaf decoction taken orally | Kenya | [41] |
| Constipation | Fruit, leaf, or root decoction taken orally | Ethiopia, Tanzania | [16, 30] |
| Cough | Leaf decoction taken orally | Kenya | [41] |
| Dandruff | Leaf fluid applied to the head | Ethiopia | [42] |
| Diabetes | Root decoction taken orally | Tanzania | [43] |
| Diarrhoea | Bark or leaf decoction taken orally | Ethiopia, Kenya | [44–47] |
| Diarrhoea | Leaf decoction mixed with Trichilia spp. and Rhamnus prinoides L’Hérit. taken orally | Ethiopia | [48] |
| Dry cough | Leaf or root decoction taken orally | Kenya | [37] |
| Dysentery | Leaf decoction mixed with Trichilia spp. and Rhamnus prinoides L’Hérit. taken orally | Ethiopia | [48] |
| Dysentery | Bark, leaf decoction taken orally | Ethiopia | [45, 47, 49] |
| Dysmenorrhoea | Bark or leaf decoction taken orally | Kenya | [46] |
| East coast fever | Leaf and root decoction taken orally | Kenya | [37] |
| Eczema | Leaf decoction applied to affected body part as an ointment | Ethiopia | [17] |
| Epilepsy | Leaf decoction taken orally | Cameroon, Ethiopia | [36, 50] |
| Fungal skin infection | Leaf ointment used on affected body parts | Ethiopia | [17, 18, 20, 28, 31, 45, 47, 51] |
| Gonorrhoea | Bark, fruit, leaf, or root decoction taken orally | Ethiopia | [31, 34–36, 52, 53] |
| Gum ailment | Leaf decoction rubbed on gums | Ethiopia | [34] |
| Headache | Root decoction rubbed on affected part | Uganda | [54] |
| Hemorrhage | Leaf sap rubbed on affected part | Ethiopia | [34] |
| Hepatitis | Root decoction taken orally | Ethiopia | [36] |
| Insomnia | Leaf decoction taken orally | Cameroon | [50] |
| Jaundice | Leaf decoction taken orally | Ethiopia | [28] |
| Leprosy | Sap applied on affected body part | Ethiopia | [55, 56] |
| Malaria | Bark, leaf, or root decoction taken orally or smoke from burnt leaves inhaled | Ethiopia, Kenya | [26, 28, 37, 44, 55–59] |
| Malaria | Leaf decoction mixed with Allium sativum L. bulb roasted with butter, allowed to brew overnight and taken orally | Ethiopia | [60, 61] |
| Measles | Fruit, leaf, or root decoction taken orally | Ethiopia | [55, 62] |
| Mosquito repellent | Smoke from burnt bark or leaves repel mosquitos | Ethiopia | [38] |
| Obesity | Leaf and root decoction taken orally | Kenya | [37] |
| Pneumonia | Bark, leaf, or root decoction taken orally | Cameroon, Kenya | [37, 63] |
| Protection against witchcraft | Whole plant | Uganda | [64] |
| Purgative | Fruit, leaf, root, or seed decoction taken orally | Cameroon, Kenya, Somalia, Tanzania | [16, 37, 65, 66] |
| Retained placenta | Leaf infusion taken orally | Ethiopia | [56] |
| Rheumatism | Leaf decoction taken orally | Ethiopia | [31] |
| Ringworm | Bark, leaf decoction rubbed on affected body part | Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania | [27, 31, 38, 46, 60, 61, 67, 68] |
| Skin cancer | Leaf decoction applied on affected part | Ethiopia | [67] |
| Skin diseases | Leaf and root decoction applied on affected body parts | Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania | [27, 37, 55] |
| Skin diseases | Fruit decoction mixed with Hagenia abyssinica (Bruce) J. F. Gmel. applied on affected body parts | Ethiopia | [69] |
| Skin rash | Mixed with egg yolk and applied to the skin | Ethiopia | [42] |
| Snake bite | Root decoction taken orally | Ethiopia | [70] |
| Sorcery | Leaf and root decoction | Kenya | [37] |
| Stomach ache | Bark, leaf, or root decoction taken orally | Ethiopia, Uganda | [34, 45, 49, 67, 71] |
| Struck by lightning | Patient bathed with leaf, fruit, and root decoction | Uganda | [54] |
| Tape worms | Bark decoction mixed with stems of Glinus lotoides L. taken orally | Ethiopia | [17] |
| Tape worms | Leaf decoction mixed with Baccharoides calvoana subsp. meridonalis (Wild) Isawumi, El-Ghazaly & B. Nord, Vernonia auriculifera Hiern, and Salvia nilotica Juss. ex Jacq. taken orally | Rwanda | [72] |
| Tape worms | Bark decoction mixed with Morella salicifolia subsp. mildbraedii (Engl.) Verdc. & Polhill, Olea capensis subsp. macrocarpa (C. H. Wright) Verdc., and Elaeis guineensis Jacq. taken orally | Rwanda | [72] |
| Tape worms | Bark, fruit, leaf, root, or seeds decoction taken orally | Ethiopia, Tanzania, Uganda | [16, 29, 34, 35, 52, 55, 71, 73] |
| Typhoid | Bark, leaf, or root decoction taken orally | Cameroon, Kenya | [37, 62, 74] |
| Ulcers | Bark powder dressing | Ethiopia | [17] |
| Venereal diseases | Fruits and root decoction taken orally | Ethiopia | [29, 30] |
| Warts | Leaf and twig sap applied on affected body parts | Kenya | [68] |
| Weakness in pregnancy | Patient tie the waist with a tree branch | Uganda | [54] |
| Wounds | Bark, leaf, and twig sap applied directly on wounds | Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania | [20, 26, 27, 32, 45, 47, 55, 67, 68] | Leaf sap mixed with coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) milk and applied on wounds | Ethiopia | [44] | Leaf decoction mixed with Cynoglossum lanceolatum Forssk. and Dodonaea viscosa subsp. angustifolia (L. f.) J. G. West applied on wounds | Ethiopia | [17] |
| Ethnoveterinary medicine | | | |
| Abdominal pain | Bark decoction | Ethiopia | [75, 76] |
| Blackleg | Leaf decoction | Ethiopia | [44, 77] |
| Bleeding | Leaf decoction | Ethiopia | [21] |
| Bloat | Bark, leaf or twig decoction | Ethiopia | [48, 75, 76, 78] |
| Colic | Bark decoction | Ethiopia | [75, 76] |
| Constipation | Leaf decoction | Ethiopia | [77] |
| Dermatophilosis | Leaf decoction | Ethiopia | [21] |
| Epilepsy in cattle | Leaf decoction | Ethiopia | [36] |
| External parasites | Leaf decoction mixed with Trichilia spp. and Rhamnus prinoides L’Hérit. applied topically | Ethiopia | [48] |
| Fever in cows | Bark, leaf decoction | Kenya | [46] |
| Mange | Leaf decoction | Ethiopia | [21] |
| Rabies | Bark decoction mixed with leaves of Juniperus procera Endl., stems of Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter, and roots of Cyphostemma cyphopetalum (Fresen.) Desc. ex Wild & Drummond, Solanum anguivi Lam., and Solanum marginatum L. | Ethiopia | [17] |
| Rabies | Root and stem bark, chewing and swallowing the juice three times a day | Ethiopia | [23, 35, 38, 48] |
| Rectum prolapse | Root decoction | Ethiopia | [48] |
| Ringworm | Leaf decoction applied directly | Ethiopia, Kenya | [21, 68, 78] |
| Scabies | Leaf decoction | Ethiopia | [21] |
| Skin diseases (dermatophilosis) | Root decoction | Ethiopia | [48] |
| Streptothricosis | Leaves pounded and applied on skin surface | Ethiopia | [26] |
| Swelling of nose in mule | Leaf decoction | Ethiopia | [36] |
| Tick prevention and control | Bark, leaf, or root decoction used | Kenya | [79] |
| Warts | Sap applied directly | Kenya | [68] |
| Wound | Leaf decoction applied directly | Ethiopia, Kenya | [21, 68] |
| Other uses | | | |
| Beehives | | Kenya, Tanzania | [16, 57] |
| Firewood | | Ethiopia, Tanzania, Uganda | [16, 40, 80] |
| Fodder | | Uganda | [80] |
| Pesticide | Leaves mixed with Nicotiana tabacuum L. used as pesticide for maize stalk borers and aphids | Kenya | [57] |
| Shade | | Uganda | [80] |
| Source of nectar | | Kenya | [81] |
| Water pots, wood carving, tool handles, timber, stools | | Cameroon, Ethiopia, Tanzania | [16, 40, 63, 65] |
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