Commercial Essential Oils as Potential Antimicrobials to Treat Skin Diseases

Table 6

Essential oil studies showing efficacy against other bacterial skin pathogens.

Essential		Species			Main	Reference
Achillea millefolium (yarrow)	MIC	C. perfringens KUKENS-Turkey	Tween 80	4.50 mg/mL	Eucalyptol (24.60%), camphor (16.70%), α-terpineol (10.20%)	[112]
Achillea setacea (bristly yarrow)				0.56 mg/mL	Sabinene (10.80%), eucalyptol (18.50%)	[113]
Achillea teretifolia (yarrow)				0.28 mg/mL	Eucalyptol (19.90%), camphor (11.10%), borneol (11.90%)
Eucalyptus globulus (eucalyptus)	MIC	S. pyogenes (ATCC 12344)	Tween 80	10.00 mg/mL	1,8-Cineol (81.93%)	[128]
		S. pyogenes (NHLS 8668)		0.50 mg/mL
Eucalyptus radiata (eucalyptus)	MIC	S. pyogenes (NHLS 8668)	Acetone	0.50–1.00 mg/mL	1,8-Cineole , -terpineol	[130]
Eucalyptus camaldulensis (eucalyptus)			Acetone	0.50 mg/mL
Eucalyptus citriodora (eucalyptus)			Acetone	1.00 mg/mL
Eucalyptus smithii (eucalyptus)			Acetone	0.50 mg/mL
Eucalyptus dives (eucalyptus)			Acetone
Juniperus excelsa (juniper), berries, Dojran	ADM	S. pyogenes (clinical isolate)	50% DSMO	>50.00%	-Pinene (70.81%)	[87]
		H. influenzae (clinical isolate)		31.00 μL/mL
Juniperus excelsa (juniper), berries, Ohrid		S. pyogenes (clinical isolate)		>50.00%	Sabinene (58.85%)
		H. influenzae (clinical isolate)
Juniperus excelsa (juniper), leaves, Dojran		H. influenzae (clinical isolate)		>50.00%	-Pinene (33.83%), cedrol (24.44%)
Juniperus excelsa (juniper), leaves, Ohrid		S. pyogenes (clinical isolate)		125.00 μL/mL	Sabinene (29.49%), cis-thujone (26.20%), menth-2-en-1-ol (12.86%)
		H. influenzae (clinical isolate)
Juniperus officinalis (juniper berry)	MIC	S. pyogenes (ATCC 12344)	Tween 80	20.00 mg/mL	-Pinene (39.76%)	[128]
Kunzea ericoides (Kānuka)	MAC	C. diphtheriae (clinical isolate)	Tween 80	0.25% v/v	-Pinene (61.60%)	[137]
		C. minutissimus (clinical isolate)		0.30% v/v
	MIC	S. pyogenes (ATCC 8668)	Acetone	2.00 mg/mL	-Pinene (26.2–46.7%), p-cymene (5.8–19.1%)	[138]
		B. brevis (ATCC 8246)		1.00 mg/mL
		B. agri (ATCC 51663)
		B. laterosporus (ATCC 64)
Leptospermum scoparium (manuka)	MAC	C. diphtheriae (clinical isolate)	Tween 80	0.05% v/v	(−)-()-Calamenene (14.50%), leptospermone (17.60%)	[137]
		C. minutissimus (clinical isolate)
	MIC	S. pyogenes (ATCC 8668)	Acetone	1.00 mg/mL	Eudesma-4(14),11-diene (6.2–14.5%), -selinene (5.90–13.5%), ()-methyl cinnamate (9.2–19.5%)	[138]
		B. brevis (ATCC 8246)
		B. agri (ATCC 51663)		0.06 mg/mL
		B. laterosporus (ATCC 64)		0.25 mg/mL
Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree)	MIC	Corynebacterium spp. (10 clinical isolates)	Tween 80	0.06–2% v/v	Terpinen-4-ol (35.70%)	[152]
	MIC90	S. pyogenes (15 clinical isolates)		0.12%		[235]
	MIC	C. diphtheriae (clinical isolate)	Tween 80	0.20% v/v	-Terpinene (11.40%), -terpinene (22.50%), terpinen-4-ol (35.20%)	[137]
		C. minutissimus (clinical isolate)
Melaleuca cajuputi (cajuput)	MIC	S. pyogenes (ATCC 12344)	Tween 80	5.00 mg/mL	1,8-Cineol (67.60%)	[128]
	MAC	C. diphtheriae (clinical isolate)		0.30% v/v	1,8-Cineole (55.50%)	[137]
		C. minutissimus (clinical isolate)
Melaleuca quinquenervia (niaouli)	MAC	C. diphtheriae (clinical isolate)	Tween 80	0.25% v/v	1,8-Cineole (61.20%)	[137]
		C. minutissimus (clinical isolate)
Mentha piperita (peppermint)	MIC	S. pyogenes (ATCC 12344)	Tween 80	5.00 mg/mL	1,8-Cineol (12.06%), menthone (22.24%), menthol (47.29%)	[128]

name (common name), part of plant (if applicable).
: microdilution method; MAC: macrodilution method; ADM: agar dilution method; CTA: contact time assay.
Type Culture Collection, Rockville, USA (ATCC).
concentration was not included; n.m.: not mentioned.
: no inhibition.
: no composition results reported.