Antimicrobial Activities and Time-Kill Kinetics of Extracts of Selected Ghanaian Mushrooms
Table 3
Mean zones of growth inhibition of methanol extract of S. commune, V. volvacea, and reference drugs against test organisms.
Conc. mg/mL
Mean zone of growth inhibition (mm) ± SEM
Test organisms
PA
EC
SA
BS
SP
KP
EF
ST
CA
AN
AF
AT
S. commune extract
30.0
16.67 ± 0.52
21.60 ± 0.98
21.83 ± 1.17
na
20.50 ± 0.55
19.83 ± 1.33
na
na
21.67 ± 0.52
na
na
na
20.0
15.67 ± 0.82
18.17 ± 1.03
20.33 ± 0.52
na
20.00 ± 0.00
20.50 ± 0.55
na
na
20.00 ± 0.00
na
na
na
10.0
9.00 ± 0.63
12.00 ± 1.33
18.50 ± 0.55
na
17.50 ± 0.84
17.83 ± 1.17
na
na
8.50 ± 0.55
na
na
na
7.5
10.83 ± 0.75
na
16.17 ± 0.41
na
16.33 ± 0.52
16.67 ± 1.03
na
na
na
na
na
na
V. volvacea extract
30.0
21.17 ± 1.00
na
19.50 ± 0.55
16.50 ± 0.55
18.83 ± 1.33
22.50 ± 0.55
na
na
na
na
na
na
20.0
18.67 ± 1.03
na
18.33 ± 0.82
na
17.50 ± 0.55
20.00 ± 0.00
na
na
na
na
na
na
10.0
14.17 ± 1.33
na
17.00 ± 0.00
na
15.00 ± 0.00
17.33 ± 0.52
na
na
na
na
na
na
7.5
12.00 ± 0.00
na
14.33 ± 0.52
na
15.33 ± 0.82
15.33 ± 0.82
na
na
na
na
na
na
Reference drugs
Cipro (0.01)
23.17 ± 0.75
20.83 ± 1.00
24.33 ± 1.03
21.00 ± 1.41
25.33 ± 1.03
28.83 ± 1.00
20.25 ± 0.50
21.00 ± 0.0
nd
nd
nd
nd
Keto (0.01)
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
17.68 ± 0.52
15.33 ± 1.03
17.00 ± 1.00
12.15 ± 0.50
Zones of growth inhibition = diameter of well plus zone of growth inhibition; diameter of well = 8 mm. The mean zone of inhibition was determined from three independent results () = 3; nd = not determined; na = no activity; SEM = standard error mean; Cipro = ciprofloxacin; Keto = ketoconazole; Conc. = concentration. PA = Pseudomonas aeruginosa; EC = Escherichia coli; SA = Staphylococcus aureus; BS = Bacillus subtilis; SP = Streptococcus pyogenes, KP = Klebsiella pneumoniae; EF = Enterococcus faecalis; ST = Salmonella typhi; CA = Candida albicans; AN = A. niger; AF = A. flavus; AT= A. tamari.
