Amelioration of Scopolamine-Induced Learning and Memory Impairment by α-Pinene in C57BL/6 Mice

Figure 2

Protective effect of APN on the learning and memory deficit induced by SCO in Morris water-maze test. One hour before the test, mice were treated with vehicle or APN (3 or 10 mg/kg, i.p.) and then after 30 min injected with vehicle or SCO (1 mg/kg, i.p.). (a) Effect of APN on the SCO-induced spatial memory impairment was examined by mean escape latency. (b) The representative water-maze paths of each group were indicated during four training days. (c) On the last day of training trial, probe test was conducted in which the platform was removed from the pool and mice were allowed to swim and search it for 90 sec. Data are shown as mean ± SEM (). Significant difference between the groups: , vehicle-treated control versus SCO alone group; and , SCO alone group versus APN-treated group in combination with SCO.

(a)

(b)

(c)