The Long-Term Course of Outcomes for Lumbar Intervertebral Disc Herniation following Integrated Complementary and Alternative Medicine Inpatient Treatment: A Prospective Observational Study

Table 5

Assessment of predictive factors at baseline associated with satisfaction rate.

	Univariate		Multivariate
	OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI
Age (continuous)	1.006	0.993 1.020
Gender, male (ref. female)	0.921	0.649 1.307
Smoking status (ref. nonsmoking)
Quit	0.759	0.474 1.216
Yes	1.189	0.749 1.887
Drinking (ref. no)	1.151	0.710 1.864
Body Mass Index (kg/m^2) (continuous)	1.009	0.979 1.039
Previous back pain (ref. no pain)
Disc herniation	1.429	0.964 2.118
Other (e.g., fracture)	3.056	1.121 8.332
Comorbid illness (ref. no comorbidity)^a	1.781	1.050 3.023
Radiating pain (ref. no pain)
Unilateral	1.040	0.666 1.625	0.855	0.511 1.431
Bilateral	3.067	1.638 5.743	2.231	1.030 4.832
Radiating pain below knee (ref. no pain)
Unilateral	1.076	0.749 1.546
Bilateral	1.149	0.267 4.947
Straight leg raising test < 60° (ref. ≧ 60°)	1.017	0.701 1.474
Range of lumbar flexion < 60° (ref. ≧ 60°)	0.612	0.427 0.877	0.652	0.426 0.999
Surgery (ref. no surgery)	0.866	0.478 1.570
Previous treatment (for current episode)
Nerve blocks (ref. no)	0.797	0.542 1.171
Pain killers (ref. no)	0.693	0.470 1.023
CAM (ref. no)	0.694	0.446 1.080
Duration of current episode (days) (ref. < 1 month)
Between 1 and 6 months	1.082	0.713 1.641

OR, odds ratio; CAM, complementary and alternative medicine; only statistically significant variables from univariate regression were included using stepwise method in multivariable logistic regression with age and gender (); ^aany self-reported gastritis, tuberculosis, poliomyelitis, cardiovascular disease, uterine myoma, or hepatitis B carrier.