Tai-Chi-Chuan Exercise Improves Pulmonary Function and Decreases Exhaled Nitric Oxide Level in Both Asthmatic and Nonasthmatic Children and Improves Quality of Life in Children with Asthma
Table 1
Demographic and baseline values of outcome variables.
Asthma, TCC
Asthma, no TCC
Control, TCC
Control, no TCC
value
)
)
)
)
Age, years (mean ± SD)
10.55 ± 0.27
10.33 ± 0.53
10.11 ± 0.21
10.57 ± 0.17
0.47
Males, (%)
12 (60)
4 (44)
7 (39)
6 (43)
0.58
Females, (%)
8 (40)
5 (56)
11 (61)
8 (57)
Anthropometric measurement
Height, cm (mean ± SD)
130 ± 4.8
135 ± 2.58
142.3 ± 8.03
144.79 ± 7.44
0.68
Weight, kg (mean ± SD)
36 ± 9.27
38.6 ± 10.86
35.86 ± 6.22
38.36 ± 10.36
0.95
BMI (mean ± SD)
17.95 ± 3.4
21.12 ± 5.73
17.64 ± 2.49
18.1 ± 3.64
0.93
Pulmonary function
FVC (% of predicted)
92.4 ± 14.9
96.81 ± 20.5
93.2 ± 14.8
90.6 ± 15.2
0.95
FEV1 (% of predicted)
89.2 ± 9.1
94.0 ± 17
92.7 ± 15.0
90.6 ± 15.1
0.86
FEV1/FVC (%)
91.3 ± 7.9
91.1 ± 6.7
93.3 ± 6.4
93.4 ± 7.6
0.65
PEFR (L/min)
194.1 ± 59.6
186.3 ± 35.0
197.7 ± 44.7
189.1 ± 44.3
0.97
FeNO
57.4 ± 30.7
39.2 ± 14.9
40.2 ± 25.1
26.6 ± 17.4
0.02
Pediatric Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (PAQLQ)
Total score
137.2 ± 24.01
151 ± 7.61
0.28
Symptom score
56.44 ± 15.18
65.6 ± 3.65
0.18
Activity limitation score
29.78 ± 4.29
31.4 ± 3.36
0.52
Emotional function score
51.06 ± 6.12
54 ± 2.92
0.30
BMI, body mass index; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1 second; FVC, forced vital capacity; PEFR, peak expiratory flow rate; FeNO, fractional exhaled nitric oxide. p value was obtained by Kruskal-Wallis test or Mann–Whitney test or depending on the type of variables. All values are expressed as mean ± SD.
