Research Article

The Immune Effects of an African Traditional Energy Tonic in In Vitro and In Vivo Models

Figure 2

Immunomodulatory effects of the traditional energy tonic doses (100 and 10 μg/mL) on 12 inflammatory cytokines secretion over 24 hours in PBMCs prestimulated with PHA (20 μg/mL) for 2 hours. The energy tonic doses significantly increased () the secretion of IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, and GM-CSF when compared to PBMCs stimulated with PHA only or treated with cyclosporine. PBMCs left untreated showed the significant stimulatory effects on cytokines secretion of the addition of PHA and the energy tonic. indicates significant difference.