The Immune Effects of an African Traditional Energy Tonic in In Vitro and In Vivo Models

Figure 4

Inflammatory cytokines secretion in pretreated rat models which were infected with S. aureus 24 hours later. Pretreatment of the rat models with doses of the traditional energy tonic (100 and 20 mg/mL/kg body weight) before infection with bacteria nonsignificantly increased cytokines secretion (IL-1β, IL-2, IL-10, IL-13, IFN-γ, and RANTES), while others did not change when compared to those with infection only. Infection of rats with bacteria significantly increased () secretion of IL-1β and IL-10 when compared to rats given saline only. Treatment of a group of infected rat models with a broad spectrum antibiotic (5% Enrofloxacin) did not significantly change () secretion of all 12 inflammatory cytokines. ⋆ indicates significant difference.