Quantitative Analysis and Biological Efficacies regarding the Neuroprotective and Antineuroinflammatory Actions of the Herbal Formula Jodeungsan in HT22 Hippocampal Cells and BV-2 Microglia

Figure 4

Effects of JDS and its herbal components on TNF-α production in LPS-stimulated BV-2 cells. Cells were pretreated with various concentrations of JDS and its seven components for 2 h and then stimulated with LPS (1 μg/mL) for an additional 22 h. TNF-α production was determined using an ELISA kit. Results are shown for JDS (a), US (b), CM (c), ZO (d), PG (e), PT (f), CU (g), and PC (h). The results are expressed as the mean ± SEM of three independent experiments. versus vehicle control cells, , , and versus LPS-treated cells.

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