Researches on Transcriptome Sequencing in the Study of Traditional Chinese Medicine

Table 1

Comparison of three generations of sequencing technique.

Sequencing technique	Sequencing platforms	Company	Methods and enzyme	Sequencing length	Output/cycle	Time/cycle	Main error
The first-generation sequencing	Sanger/ABI3730 DNA; Analyzer	Applied Biosystems	Sanger sequencing/DNA polymerase	600–1,000 bp	56–96 Kb	0.5–3 h
The second-generation sequencing	454/GS FLX Titanium; Series	Roche	Pyrosequencing/DNA polymerase	400–700 bp	400–700 Mb	10–23 h	Insertion/deletion
	Solexa/Illumina Genome Analyzer/HiSeq 2000/HiSeq 2500/HiSeq 4000/HiSeq X10/NovoSeq	Illumina	Sequencing by synthesis (SBS)/DNA polymerase	bp (high output)/ bp (rapid run)	900 Gb–1 Tb (paired)/150–180 Gb (paired)	6 d/40 h	Replacement
	SOLiD/SOLiD 3 system	Applied Biosystems	Sequencing by ligation (SBL)/DNA ligase	bp	90–100 Gb	6-7 d	Replacement
The third-generation sequencing	Heliscope/Helicos Genetic Analysis System	Helicos	SBS/DNA polymerase	30–55 bp	21–35 Gb	8 d	Replacement
	Pacbio RS II/Pacbio Sequel	Pacific Biosciences	SBS/DNA polymerase	1.0– bp	350 Gb-1 Tb	0.5–4 h
	Nanopore single molecule	Oxford Nanopore	Sequencing by electrical signal/exonuclease	2– bp	20 Mb–200 Mb	50 h