5,7-Dihydroxyflavone Analogues May Regulate Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammatory Responses by Suppressing IκBα-Linked Akt and ERK5 Phosphorylation in RAW 264.7 Macrophages

Figure 2

Cytotoxic effects and production inhibitions of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) by 5,7-dihydroxyflavone analogues (12 compounds) and five inhibitors in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. RAW 264.7 cells were seeded into a 96-well plate (10⁴ cells/well) and incubated for 2 hours. Then they were stimulated with LPS of 100 ng/well with or without various concentrations of a dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solution of a compound for 16 hours. Detailed procedures for cytotoxicity (A), NO (B), and PGE₂ (C) were described in the text. Labels present the compound names and concentrations (M). Data are expressed as mean ± SD from 3 independent experiments. Control group was signified by the open circles. Significance: . Significance: . LPS: lipopolysaccharide; LN: NG-monomethyl-Larginine; IM: indomethacin; NS: NS-398; BIX: BIX 02189; and LY: LY294002.