Brazilian Amazon Traditional Medicine and the Treatment of Difficult to Heal Leishmaniasis Wounds with Copaifera

Table 2

Major metabolites of Copaifera used in traditional Amazon medicine.

Species	Medical use	Part	Major metabolites	References
Copaifera sp.	Treatment of injury/wound	Oil; tea	Copalic acid; kaurenoic acid; hardwickiic acid	Pinto, 2008 [11]; Santos et al., 2008 [10]
C. multijuga	Healing	Stalk (decoction)	Copalic acid; hardwickiic acid	Center of the Workers of the Amazon (CTA), 1996 [12]; Santos et al., 2008 [10]
C. guyanensis	Healing	Stalk: oil	Kaur-16-en-19-oic acid; polyalthic acid; hardwickiic acid	Veiga Jr. and Pinto, 2002 [13]; Cascon and Gilbert, 2000 [14]
C. officinalis (Jacq.) L.	Healing and leishmaniasis	Stalk: oil	—	Center of the Workers of the Amazon (CTA), 1996 [12]
C. reticulata	Healing	Oil: oil	Copalic acid; kaurenoic acid	Santos et al., 2008 [10]