Activation of AMPK by Buddleja officinalis Maxim. Flower Extract Contributes to Protecting Hepatocytes from Oxidative Stress

Figure 7

Representative 4-HNE and NT-immunolabeled cells in hepatic tissue collected from intact or acute CCl₄-treated mice with or without BFE coadministration. Noticeable increases in 4-HNE- and NT-positive cells (deep brown colored cells) were observed in the CCl₄ control mice compared with the intact control mice, but they were significantly reduced by treatment with 30 and 100 mg/kg of BFE, indicative that dosages of BFE over 30 mg/kg inhibited lipid peroxidation [i.e., formation of 4-HNE] and inducible nitric oxide synthase- (iNOS-) related oxidative stress [i.e., NT immunoreactivity], at least in the model used in this study. No meaningful changes in the 4-HNE and NT immunoreactivities were observed in the 100 mg/kg BFE-treated control mice compared with the intact control mice. (a) Vehicle-treated intact control mice. (b) 100 mg/kg BFE-treated mice. (c) CCl₄-treated mice. (d) CCl₄ + 30 mg/kg BFE-treated mice (lower dosage test group). (e) CCl₄ + 100 mg/kg BFE-treated mice (higher dosage test group). 4-HNE: 4-hydroxynonenal, NT: nitrotyrosine, CV: central vein, and scale bars: 120 μm.