Effect of Liuzijue Exercise Combined with Elastic Band Resistance Exercise on Patients with COPD: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Table 2

Baseline characteristics.

Characteristics	CG (n = 17)	LG (n = 16)	LEG (n = 17)	P-value
Age (years)	66 ± 9	67 ± 8	64 ± 8	0.71
Sex (male/female, n)	14/3	14/2	13/4	0.71
Years of COPD	12 ± 4	13 ± 4	12 ± 4	0.83
BMI (kg/m^2)	22.65 ± 3.76	22.5 ± 3.41	23.12 ± 3.25	0.86
Smoking history (yes/no, n)	14/3	14/2	13/4	0.71
Smoking status, n :
Current smoker	3/17.6%	1/6.2%	2/11.8%	0.76
Ex-smoker	11/64.7%	13/81.2%	11/64.7%
Never smoke	3/17.6%	2/12.5%	4/23.5%
Stage of COPD, n
Grade II	13/76.5%	11/68.8%	13/76.5%	0.85
Grade III	4/23.55	5/31.2%	4/23.5%

CG, control group; LG, Liuzijue exercise group; LEG, Liuzijue exercise combined with elastic-band resistance exercise group; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; BMI, body mass index.
Notes: data was expressed as mean ± SD or n (%). The one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the age, years of COPD, and BMI among groups, and the chi-square test was used to compare the sex, smoking history, smoking status, and COPD stage among groups. The significance level was set at P<0.05. -value for the comparison of outcome variables among groups.