Antiviral Activities of Mulberry (Morus alba) Juice and Seed against Influenza Viruses

Figure 3

Antiviral activities of MAJ and MAS against BR59, KR01, BR10, and FL04 in cotreatment. Cells were infected with the virus and simultaneously treated with (a) MAJ and (b) MAS for 1 h at 37°C. After infection, the cells were washed and overlaid with agarose at 37°C for 72 h. Nontreated influenza virus (IV) and oseltamivir (10 μM) were used as negative and positive controls, respectively. In the cotreatment, oseltamivir showed no inhibitory effect (data not shown). All measurements were performed in triplicate. Within each treatment, an asterisk denotes a significant decrease in the plaque-forming unit (PFU) (log₁₀PFU/mL) to nontreated influenza virus group (P < 0.05).

(a)

(b)