Antiviral Activities of Mulberry (Morus alba) Juice and Seed against Influenza Viruses

Figure 5

Antiviral activities of cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G), cyanidin-3-rutinoside (C3R), and gallic acid (GA) from MAJ against FL04. The FL04 virus was mixed with polyphenol compound at 300 μM for 1 h prior to virus infection. For the combination effect, the mixture of C3R at 300 μM and GA at 300 μM or the mixture of C3G at 300 μM and GA at 300 μM was tested. Nontreated influenza virus was used as a control. Reduction of plaque-forming unit (PFU) (log₁₀PFU/mL) of influenza virus was evaluated using plaque assays. Different letters denote significant differences between treatments (P < 0.05).