Biomechanical Effects of Lateral Bending Position on Performing Cervical Spinal Manipulation for Cervical Disc Herniation: A Three-Dimensional Finite Element Analysis

Table 1

Material properties of the C3-7 finite element model.

Component	Young’s modulus (MPa)	Poisson’s; ratio	Cross-sectional area (mm^2)
Cortical bone	12000	0.29	-
Cancellous bone	100	0.29	-
Endplate	1200	0.29	-
Annulus ground substance	3.4	0.45	-
Annulus fiber	450	0.40	-
Nucleus pulposus	1	0.49	-
Cartilage	10.4	0.40	-
ALL	10	0.30	12
PLL	10	0.30	45
CL	10	0.30	14
FL	1.5	0.30	5
ISL	1.5	0.30	13
SSL	1.5	0.30	13
TL	17	0.30	10

ALL: anterior Longitudinal ligament; PLL: posterior longitudinal ligament; CL: capsular ligament; FL: flaval ligament; ISL: interspinous ligament; SSL: supraspinous ligament; TL: transverse ligament.