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| Authors/Year/ Country | Study design/ Blinding | Sample size | Mean age (year) Sex (m/f) | Wuqinxi Practicing phases | Wuqinxi Learning phase | Control Intervention design | Relevant Outcomes measured | Results | Follow-up/ Adverse events | Conclusion |
| Wuqinxi | Control |
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Xiang Cheng et al. /2016/
China [57] | RCT/ Non-blinding | 15 college students with mild depression;
14 healthy college students | 15 college students with mild depression;
14 healthy college students | Wuqinxi:
1. Mild depression:
21.1±1.4 (7/8)
2. Healthy:
21.2±1.2 (7/7)
Control:
1. Mild depression:
21.0±1.6 (8/7)
2. Healthy:
20.9±1.6 (7/7) | Entire exercise: 40~60 mins/ session at 6:00~8:00 or
3 h before bedtime, 3 sessions/week,
12 weeks | 1 week of learning under the guidance of professional teachers before intervention | unaltered lifestyle | 1. BECK depression self-reported questionnaire (BDI).
2. Hamilton depression rating scale (HAMD).
3. The metabolic parameters of 1H- MRS in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus: NAA/ Cr, Cho/ Cr, NAA/ Cho, Cho/ NAA. | Before the intervention, the scores of BDI and HAMD in the mild depression group were significantly higher
than that in the control group ( all P<0.01), and were lowered obviously after the 12-week intervention (all P<0.01). Compared with the control group, 1H-MRS in the mild depression group before intervention showed significantly increased NAA/Cr value in the left prefrontal cortex, Cho/Cr value in the bilateral hippocampus and the left frontal lobe, and Cho/Cr value of the left
hippocampus and right frontal lobe (P<0.05) with significantly lowered NAA/Cho value in the | Not mentioned/ Not reported | Exercising Wuqinxi was thought to reduce depression scale scores in college students with mild depression and improve the metabolic index (NAA/Cr and Cho/Cr values) in the prefrontal cortex and the hippocampus. |
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| | | | | | | | | | bilateral prefrontal and Cho/
NAA value in the right hippocampus (P<0.05). After 12 weeks of intervention, NAA/Cr value in the bilateral hippocampus and the NAA/Cho value in the right hippocampus were significantly lowered (P<0.05), and NAA/Cho value in the right prefrontal and Cho/NAA value in the right hippocampus were significantly increased (P<0.05) in the mild depression
group. Before the intervention, Pearson correlation analysis showed that the scores of HAMD and BDI were positively correlated with Cho/Cr value in the hippocampus and NAA/Cr value in prefrontal lobe (P<0.01) and inversely with NAA/Cho in prefrontal lobe and Cho/NAA value in the hippocampus (P<0.05). After the intervention, the scores of HAMD and BDI were positively correlated with NAA/Cr value in the hippocampus and Cho/Cr value in the left hippocampus (P<0.05). | | . |
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Mao-Rong Shen et al. /2014/
China [22] | RCT/Non-blinding | 100 elderly patients with senile osteoporosis | 100 elderly patients with senile osteoporosis | Wuqinxi:
68.69±5.18 (46/54)
Control:
69.25±5.27
(45/55) | Entire exercise: 45 mins/session, at morning, 6 sessions/week,
24 weeks | Not mentioned | Treating with ibuprofen sustained release capsules (Fenbid) and calcium carbonate and vitamin D3 tablets, 1tablet/time, 2 times/day | 1. Bone metabolism index: serum osteocalcin (BGP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), level of pyridinoline (PYD).
2. Visual analogue scale (VAS): low back pain score. | 24 weeks later, low back pain score of the cases in the Wuqinxi group was obviously increased, compared to that of the control group with a significant difference (P<0.05). Meanwhile, though there was no significant difference between the two groups’ figures related to bone metabolism, patients in the control group showed an increase in serum osteocalcin (BGP)
and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) alongside with a reduction in the level of pyridinoline (PYD). | Not mentioned/ Not reported | Practicing Wuqinxi was positive to the bone metabolism of the senile osteoporosis patients and can effectively relieved and improved the low back pain syndromes of the senile osteoporosis patients. To a certain degree, this exercise can also increase bone formation and decreased bone resorption. It was an effective way to prevent the senile osteoporosis disease and deserved carrying out in communities. |
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Ping Tu et al. /2014/
China [58] | RCT/Non-blinding | 20 female patients with knee osteoarthritis | 20 female patients with knee osteoarthritis | Age ≥ 50 years
(0/40) | Entire exercise: 60 mins/session, 6 sessions/week,
16 weeks | Not mentioned | Qigong zhanzhuang (standing exercise):
10mins/session, 3 sessions/
time/day, at morning, noon, evening, 6 times/week, 4 months | 1. The peak torque (PT) and total work (TW) of the affected knee were obtained by
the isokinetic testing system.
2. The level of pain, stiffness, dysfunction measured by The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities (WOMAC) Osteoarthritis Index Scale. | After intervention, the peak torque (PT) and total work (TW) in both groups were improved compared with those of pre- intervention, and the Wuqinxi group indicated a better improvement in PT and TW. The WOMAC scores went down in both groups after intervention, and the score of pain, dysfunction and the total score were lower in the Wuqinxi group with a statistical significance. | Not mentioned/ Not reported | Wuqinxi and Zhanzhuang were thought to improve the quadriceps strength of female patients with KOA and reduce the effect of pain, stiffness and dysfunction and so on.
Wuqinxi was considered to have a smooth and comprehensive influence on the knee’s flexor and extensor strength of female patients with KOA when compared with Zhanzhuang and it was helpful for relieving pain and reducing dysfunction. |
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Mao-Rong Shen et al. /2013/
China [59] | RCT/Non-blinding | 100 elderly patients with senile osteoporosis | 100 elderly patients with senile osteoporosis | Wuqinxi:
68.69±5.18 (46/54)
Control:
69.25±5.27
(45/55) | Entire exercise: 45 mins/session, at morning, 6 sessions/week,
24 weeks | Not mentioned | Treated with ibuprofen sustained release capsules (Fenbid) and calcium carbonate and vitamin D3 tablets, 1tablet/time, 2 times/day | 1. The bone mineral density (BMD) of lumbar vertebrae.
2. Visual analogue scale (VAS): low back pain score. | After 24-week treatment, BMD of the lumbar vertebrae in Wuqinxi group was higher than that in control group significantly (P<0.05). And the low back pain scores of the two groups were
significantly different (P<0.05). | Not mentioned/ Not reported | Practicing Wuqinxi increased BMD of the lumbar vertebrae in senile patients with osteoporosis, and decreased their low back pain. It was an effective way to prevent and cure primary osteoporosis, and can be applied in communities. |
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Hai-Ming Liu /2012/
China [23] | RCT/Non-blinding | 22 elderly patients with metabolic syndrome | 18 elderly patients with metabolic syndrome | 60≤age≤75
Wuqinxi
(10/12)
Control
(9/9) | Entire exercise: 60 mins/session, at morning, 6 sessions/week,
24 weeks | 1 week of learning under the guidance of professional teachers before intervention | unaltered lifestyle | 1. The vascular risk factors: body mass index (BMI), fasting blood gluco (FBG),
total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C).
2. The neuropsychological index:
mini-mental state examination (MMSE), Montreal cognitive assessment
(MOCA), verbal fluency test (VFT), trail making test
(TMT), Hamilton depression rating scale (HAMD). | Compared with control group and pre-exercise of Wuqinxi group, the vascular risk factors including BMI, FBG, TC, TG, LDL and HDL and the neuropsychological index including MMSE, visual space and executive ability, naming,
attention, delayed recalling,
orientation, total MOCA, HAMD and VFT had significantly beneficial changes after exercise in Wuqinxi group. There was significant negative correlation between WC, SBP,
FBG, TC, TG, LDL and cognitive function, significant positive correlation between HDL and cognitive function. | Not mentioned/ Not reported | The vascular risk factors and the cognitive function of elderly patients with metabolic syndrome were improved after Wuqinxi exercise. The positive effect of Wuqinxi on vascular risk factors was likely to be the physiological mechanism that Wuqinxi could improve the cognitive function of elderly patients with metabolic syndrome. |
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Bing-Wu Tian /2012/
China [60] | RCT/Non-blinding | 20 female middle-aged and elderly patients with knee osteoarthritis | Control ①:
20 female middle-aged and elderly patients with knee osteoarthritis.
Control ②:
20 healthy middle-aged and elderly females | 60≤age≤70
(0/60) | Entire exercise: 60 mins/session, 6 sessions/week,
24 weeks | Not mentioned | unaltered lifestyle | 1. Body weight body mass index (BMI), percentage of body fat (PBF), lower
extremity response latencies, vertical jump height, and no pain range of motion (ROM) of the affected limb, proprioception
and balance function of the affected limb.
2. The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities (WOMAC) Osteoarthritis Index Scale. | The body weight, BMI and the percentage of body fat of KOA female middle-aged and elderly patients can be reduced by long-term Wuqinxi exercise, which could also effectively improved the reaction time of lower limbs, the vertical jump
height and the painless ROM of knee-joint without pain and,
reduced the active and passive 30° and 60° angle
reconstruction error of KOA patients, availably improved the sagittal and lateral stable ability, enhance their stable limit, and decreased the fall risk, clinical medical treatment should effectively relieved pain,
spasticity, action limited and improve their body function. | Not mentioned/ Not reported | It was good for middle-aged and elderly patients with KOA to
practice Wuqinxi in a long term, which can effectively improve the proprioceptive function, dynamic and static balance of knee and reduced their risk of falls. The effect may be related to decrease of body weight and percentage of body fat and the increase of strength, reactive speed and ROM of the affective knee. Clinical treatment can effectively alleviate the KOA patients with symptoms such as pain, stiffness and behavior limited, but the clinical treatment with Wuqinxi practice seems to be able to make the effect more pronounced and lasting. |
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Zhao-Wei
Li et al. /2009/
China [61] | RCT/Non-blinding | 33 patients with dyslipidemia | 33 patients with dyslipidemia | Wuqinxi:
58.67±20.43 (19/14)
Control:
56.47±24.15
(21/12) | Entire exercise:
30 mins/session/
day, 16 weeks | Not mentioned | Aerobic exercise (jogging): 30 mins/session/
day, 16 weeks | Cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) | After 16 weeks of Wuqinxi, TC, TG and LDL-C of Wuqinxi group declined remarkably (all P<0.01) and HDL-C of this group rose evidently (P<0.05). TC, TG and LDL-C of Wuqinxi group changed much more dramatically than that of the control group (P<0.05). In addition, the rate of reaching standard in the Wuqinxi group was higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). | Not mentioned/ Not reported | Wuqinxi showed effective for patients with dyslipidemia. |
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