Grain Amaranth Is Associated with Improved Hepatic and Renal Calcium Metabolism in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus of Male Wistar Rats
Table 2
Mean calcium concentrations in selected tissues following GAG supplementation in T2DM.
Experimental Group
N
Blood
Kidney
Liver
Calcium concentrations (Mean ± SD) mg/dl
T2DM + Mixtard® 0.5 mg/kg
5
12.83 ± 0.96
0.37 ± 0.14
0.20 ± 0.16
Positive control
5
10.75 ± 0.62
0.11 ± 0.07
0.06 ± 0.04
T2DM + 25% GA
5
11.27 ± 0.52
0.53 ± 0.18
0.37 ± 0.21
T2DM + 50% GAG feed supplement
5
12.15 ± 0.84
0.39 ± 0.17
0.28 ± 0.20
Normal rats + 50% GAG feed supplement
5
11.85 ± 0.71
0.36 ± 0.19
0.14 ± 0.13
Negative control
5
12.65 ± 0.86
0.55 ± 0.14
0.34 ± 0.19
KEY: In-group comparisons (ANOVA; P < 0.05) and multiple Tukey’s test. In blood, < 0.01, < 0.05. T2DM: type 2 diabetes mellitus; GAG: grain amaranth grain; N: number of rats.
