Research Article
Royal Jelly Supplementation Improves Menopausal Symptoms Such as Backache, Low Back Pain, and Anxiety in Postmenopausal Japanese Women
Table 1
Baseline characteristics of the study population.
| | | Placebo | RJ | |
| | Subject number | 21 | 21 | N. D | | Postmenopausal period | | | | 1–3 years | 16 | 15 | | 3–5 years | 5 | 6 | | Age (years) | 54.4 ± 3.0 | 54.4 ± 2.6 | 1.000 | | BMI (kg/m2) | 21.2 ± 2.6 | 21.0 ± 3.0 | 0.790 | | Each menopausal VAS score | | | | | Hot flashes | 41.5 ± 35.0 | 44.2 ± 32.9 | 0.797 | | Sweating | 44.6 ± 30.2 | 52.0 ± 30.1 | 0.436 | | Insomnia | 27.3 ± 27.4 | 30.7 ± 26.1 | 0.684 | | Light sleep | 42.0 ± 28.5 | 43.2 ± 23.0 | 0.873 | | Irritability | 32.5 ± 33.0 | 34.0 ± 25.0 | 0.871 | | Anxiety | 28.7 ± 26.6 | 30.5 ± 22.5 | 0.818 | | Anxious trifles | 35.1 ± 31.1 | 35.5 ± 25.8 | 0.970 | | Depressive mood | 30.2 ± 24.3 | 33.4 ± 26.3 | 0.685 | | Fatigue | 39.0 ± 23.7 | 42.5 ± 22.0 | 0.620 | | Eye strain | 60.7 ± 31.7 | 58.6 ± 27.8 | 0.821 | | Forgetfulness | 58.3 ± 28.2 | 57.7 ± 26.4 | 0.942 | | Dizziness | 27.1 ± 29.0 | 27.4 ± 28.7 | 0.970 | | Palpitation | 25.9 ± 27.9 | 18.4 ± 22.2 | 0.342 | | Chest tightness | 17.2 ± 20.7 | 7.1 ± 10.1 | 0.051 | | Headache | 46.9 ± 33.8 | 34.9 ± 29.4 | 0.229 | | Neck stiffness | 65.4 ± 31.7 | 63.6 ± 31.6 | 0.854 | | Backache and low back pain | 47.0 ± 34.7 | 47.2 ± 30.9 | 0.989 | | Joint pain | 39.0 ± 33.3 | 37.5 ± 26.6 | 0.875 | | Cold hands and feet | 38.4 ± 28.0 | 41.7 ± 30.4 | 0.717 | | Numbness in the legs or arms | 25.1 ± 28.9 | 21.8 ± 26.5 | 0.703 | | Sensitive to sounds | 31.5 ± 32.2 | 18.9 ± 20.5 | 0.137 |
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RJ, enzyme-treated Royal Jelly. The values are means ± SD.
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