Flavonoid Extract from Propolis Inhibits Cardiac Fibrosis Triggered by Myocardial Infarction through Upregulation of SIRT1

Table 2

Echocardiographic and hemodynamic measurements.

	Sham	MI	FP	MI+FP
Echocardiography
LVEF (%)	65 ± 2.13	34 ± 2.34	67 ± 2.44	46 ± 2.28^#
LVFS (%)	36 ± 1.98	19 ± 1.97	37 ± 1.64	27 ± 2.11^#
LVID(d) (mm)	6.82 ± 0.22	9.93 ± 0.29	6.91 ± 0.35	8.55 ± 0.36^#
LVID(s) (mm)	3.40 ± 0.20	8.22 ± 0.31	3.41 ± 0.30	6.20 ± 0.26^#
Hemodynamic
HR (bpm)	397 ± 15	414 ± 14	399 ± 13	407 ± 17
dP/dt max (mm Hg/s)	5559 ± 153	3416 ± 174	5527 ± 169	4513 ± 181^#
dP/dt min (mm Hg/s)	3977 ±166	2435 ± 172	3936 ± 171	3411 ± 183^#
LVEDP (mmHg)	7.57 ± 0.29	14.12 ± 0.57	7.84 ± 0.35	9.01 ± 0.28^#

LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; LVFS, left ventricular fraction shortening; LVID(d), left ventricular internal dimension in diastole; LVID(s), left ventricular internal dimension in systole; HR, heart rate; dP/dt max, maximal slope of systolic pressure increment; dP/dt min, minimal slope of diastolic pressure decrement; LVEDP, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure. Data are means ± SEM. P < 0.05 versus the sham group; ^#P < 0.05 versus the MI group.