DNA Barcoding for the Identification and Authentication of Animal Species in Traditional Medicine

Table 3

Authentication of animal species in traditional medicine by DNA metabarcoding.

Tested sample	Therapeutic benefit	Barcode	Sequencing method	Labeled animal species	Identified animal species	Reference
Ma pak leung sea-dog hard capsules	Enhance sexual and physical function	12 barcodes	Illumina MiSeq amplicon	Cervus sp.	Bos taurus	Arulandhu et al. [34]
Cobra performance enhancer hard capsules	Enhance sexual and physical function	12 barcodes	Illumina MiSeq amplicon		Bos taurus, Homo sapiens	Arulandhu et al. [34]
Mongnan Tianbao Pills	Enhance sexual and physical function	16S rRNA	Roche GS Junior	Hippocampus sp., Callorhinus sp.	Cervus elaphus, Bos taurus	Coghlan et al. [36]
Ling Yang Ge Gen Cold Remedy	Relieve fever, cold and influenza	16S rRNA	Roche GS Junior	Saiga tatarica	Capra sp., Ovis sp.	Coghlan et al. [36]
Laryngitis Pills	Treat throat sores, acute tonsillitis and mumps	16S rRNA	Roche GS Junior	Bufo sp., Bos taurus, Ursus sp., Moschus sp., Bivalvia	Bufo sp., Bubalus sp.	Coghlan et al. [36]
Saiga Antelope Horn Powder	Treat fever, headaches, convulsions and epilepsy	16S rRNA	Roche GS Junior	Saiga tatarica	Saiga tatarica, Capra sp., Ovis sp.	Coghlan et al. [36]
Yatong Yili Wan	Relieve gingival pain	16S rRNA	Roche GS Junior	Cicadoidea, Bivalvia, Sus sp.	Bufo sp.	Coghlan et al. [36]
Powder in vials	Alleviate inflammation	16S rRNA	Roche GS Junior	Ursus sp., Anser sp.	Ursus thibetanus	Coghlan et al. [36]
Chu pak hou tsao san	Relieve cough, reduce phlegm	16S rRNA	Roche GS Junior	Macaca sp, Bivalvia, Bos taurus	Ursus thibetanus	Coghlan et al. [36]
TCM 8	Treat arthritis and pain	16S rRNA	Roche GS Junior		Canis sp., Panthera uncia, Panthera tigris	Coghlan et al. [114]
TCM 11		16S rRNA	Roche GS Junior		Canis sp., Rattus sp., Deinagkistrodon sp.	Coghlan et al. [114]
TCM 20, TCM 26		16S rRNA	Roche GS Junior		Bos sp.	Coghlan et al. [114]
TCM 25		16S rRNA	Roche GS Junior		Felis sp., Rattus sp.	Coghlan et al. [114]

in the Appendices of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES); as endangered, critically endangered or extinct in the wild status in the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species.