Family Scientific name of the plant Vernacular name ¥ Habitat PU § AR ‡ Application procedure Cancer form described The study area reported [Reference] Distribution in the flora region (altitudinal range (m)) [Reference] Acanthaceae Barleria eranthemoides R. Br. ex C.B. ClarkeBilinjii (Oro) W Sb Rt Or Dried or fresh root powder with water is given orally Tumor Fiche District, Oromia [54 ] EW, AF, TU, GD, GJ, WU, SU, KF, GG, SD, BA, HA (500-1900) [61 ] Hygrophila schulli (Hamilt.) MR. & S.M AlmeidaBala noranti (Oro) W H Rt NA NA ‘ NEKERSA ’ Across the regions of Ethiopia [45 ] EW, TU, GD, GJ, WU, SU, WG, IL, KF, GG, SD (550-2600) [61 ] Aloaceae Aloe pirottae Berger (aloe) Iret (Amh) W Sb Lf Or One tablespoon of pulp (leaf) is mixed with honey and eaten twice a day Cancer Sidama Zone, SNNP Region [62 ] GG, SD, BA, HA (1300-1820) [63 ] Amaranthaceae Celosia polystachia (Forssk.) C.C. Towns.NA W H Lf Or, Ns & De The leaf of the plant is applied orally, nasally or topically Breast cancer Yalo District, Zone 4, Afar Region [64 ] EW, WU, SU, KF, GG, SD, BA, HA, (300-1300) [65 ] Amaryllidaceae Scadoxus multiflorus (Martyn) Raf.Dem astefit (Amh) W H Rt De Used in combination with other herbs and applied topically Internal cancer Across the regions of Ethiopia [45 ] EW, GD, SU, AR, WG, KF, IL, GG, SD, BA, HA (1000-3000) [63 ] Anacardiaceae Lannea sp. Duduna (Age) W T Br De Tied on the affected part ‘ KEMENZINA NEKERSA ’ / Across the regions of Ethiopia [45 ] EW, TU, GD, GJ, WU, SU, AR, WG, KF, GG, SD, BA, ?HA (300-2200) [66 ] Anthericaceae Anthericum angustifolium Hochst. ex A.RichWotet Ashir (Age) W H Rt De Creamed on the surface ‘ MINSHIRO NEKERSA ’ / skin cancerAcross the regions of Ethiopia [45 ] EW, TU, GD, WU (1300-3000) [63 ] Chlorophytum tetraphyllum (L.f) Baker Ye-Eregna kolo (Amh) W H Fr Or The fruit is pounded, cold macerated and drunk ‘ NEKERSA ’ Across the regions of Ethiopia [45 ] EW, TU, GD, GJ, WU, SU, WG, SD, BA (1250-3400) [63 ] Apiaceae Ferula communis L. Doge (Amh) W H Rt Or The root is crushed and drunk with water Lung cancer Libo Kemkem District, Amhara Region [67 ] EW, TU, GD, GJ,68 ] Rt NA NA ‘ NEKERSA ’ Across the regions of Ethiopia [45 ] Foeniculum vulgare Mill.Ensilal (Amh) HG H Rt Or Used in combination with other herbs and taken orally Lung cancer Across the regions of Ethiopia [45 ] EW, TU, GD, GJ, WU, SU, AR, WG, KF, GG, SD, BA, HA (1600-2350) [68 ] Apocynaceae Carissa spinarum L.Agam (Amh) ( Sid) W Sb Fr NA NA Cancer Dale District, Sidama Zone, SNNP Region [52 ] AF, EW, TU, GD, GJ, WU, SU, AR, WG,.KF, GG, SD, BA, HA (550-2500) [68 ] Vinca major L.NA HG Sb WP NA The whole areal part is used Cancer Loma and Gena bosa Districts Dawro zone, SNNP Region [59 ] EW, SU (NA) [68 ] Asclepiadaceae Huernia macrocarpa (A.Rich) SprengerYemidir kulkual (Amh) W H Lx In The latex is mixed with ‘SUMANFAR ’ and inserted in to the cancer wound Skin cancer Gubalafto District, North Wello Zone, Amhara Region [69 ] EW, TU, WU (1600-2400) [68 ] Kanahia Laniflora (Forssk.) R. Br.Arust /tifirinde (Amh) W Sb Lf & Lx Or & De Fresh leaf juice with latex is given orally or applied topically Tumor Mecha District, West Gojjam Zone, Amhara Region [42 ] AF, EW, TU, GD, GJ, SU, AR, IL, KF,68 ] WP De NA ‘ NEKERSA ’ Across the regions of Ethiopia [45 ] Asparagaceae Asparagus africanus Lam.Yeset kest (Amh) W Sb Rt Or NA Breast pain/’ NEKERSA ’ Kembatta Tembaro (KT) Zone, SNNP Region [58 ] EW, TU, GD, GJ, WU, SU, AR, WG, KF, GG, SD, BA, HA (700-3800) [63 ] Aspleniaceae Asplenium trichomanes L.Etse-Anbessa (Ge’ez) W Sb Rt Or NA ‘ NEKERSA ’ Across the regions of Ethiopia [45 ] BA, SU and possibly other regions (2900) [70 ] Asteraceae Artemisia absinthium L.Ariti (Amh) HG H Lf Or Mixed with Tenadam (Ruta chalepensis ), and Zingibil (Zingiber officinale ) made into an infusion, filtered and drunk Cancer Fiche District, North Shewa Zone, Oromia Region [46 ] EW, TU, GD, SU, WG, HA (1700-2440) [71 ] Bidens macroptera (Sch Bip.) ex Chiov. Mesfin Adey Abeba (Amh) W H Fl Or Powdered flower part is used Brain cancer Libo Kemkem District, Amhara Region [67 ] EW, TU, GD, GJ, WU, SU, AR, IL, KF, GG, BA, HA (1750-3600) [71 ] Plectocephalus varians (A. Rich) Jeffrey ex Cufod.Este-Yohannes (Amh) W H WP NA Whole fresh plant is squeezed and applied Tumor Mecha District, West Gojjam Zone, Amhara Region [42 ] EW, TU, GD, GJ, SU, AR, WG, KF, GG, SD, BA, HA (1900-3600) [71 ] Vernonia amygdalina Del.Grawa (Amh) Hecho (Sid) W Sb Sh Or Tender shoots are pounded and the juice squeezed from the pulp is drunk Cancer (as chemoprevention) Sidama Zone, SNNP Region [62 ] EW TU, WU, GD GJ, SU, WG, IL, KF, GG, SD, BA, HA (650-3000) [71 ] Vernonia hymenolepis A. Rich.Qilxuu (Oro) W Sb Lf NA NA Tumor Jimma Zone and Bale Zone, Oromia Region [47 , 48 ] GJ, SU, AR, WG, IL, KF, GG, SD, BA, HA (1200-3000) [71 ] Vernonia leopoldi (Sch. Bip. ex Walp.) Vatke (bitter leaf)Merara kitel (Amh) W Sb Lf NA NA Tumor Jimma Zone and Bale Zone, Oromia; Zegie Peninsula, Northwestern Ethiopia, Amhara Region [44 , 47 , 48 ] TU, GD, GJ, WU, SU, WG, KF, HA, GG (1850-2850) [71 ] Balanitaceae Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Del.NA W T Lf Or, Ns & De NA Breast cancer Yalo District, Zone 4, Afar Region [64 ] EW, TU, WU, SU, AR, HA, IL, GG, SD (700-1800) [66 ] Balanites rotundifolia (van Tieghem) BlatterNA W Sb Lf OR & De NA Breast cancer Yalo District, Zone 4, Afar Region [64 ] AF, GG, SD (300-1500) [66 ] Berberidaceae Berberis holstii Engl. GB Yeset af / Zinkila (Amh) W Sb Br De Bark of the root; used in combination with other herbs and applied topically ‘ FISTULA NEKERSA ’Across the regions of Ethiopia [45 ] EW, TU, WU, SU (2406-3200) [65 ] Boraginaceae Cordia africana Lam.Wanza (Amh) W/HG T Br De The bark of Cordia africana with the root of Plumbago zeylanica is powdered, mixed with butter and creamed on the affected part until recovery TumorsNEKERSE ’) Debark District, North Gondar Zone, Amhara Region [72 ] EW, TU, GD, GJ, WU, SU, AR, WG, IL, KF, GG, SD, BA, HA (700-2550) [61 ] Br NA NA Cancer Dale District, Sidama Zone, SNNP Region [52 ] Ehretia cymosa Thonn.Mukerba (Amh) W/HG Sb Br Bark of the root is used in combination with other herbs and applied topically ‘ FISTULA NEKERSA ’/ Across the regions of Ethiopia [45 ] EW, TU, GJ, WU, SU, AR, WG, IL, KF, GG, SD, BA, HA (900-2350) [61 ] Brassicaceae Brassica carinata A. Br.Gomen zer (Amh) HG H Sd De The seed of B. carinata with seed and leaf of Tarenna graveolens (galo – Amh) is crushed, powdered, mixed with honey and creamed on the affected part Skin cancer Debark District, North Gondar Zone, Amhara Region [72 ] EW, GD, SU, IL, HA (1350-3850) [65 ] Capparidaceae Cadaba farinosa Forssk.Qalaanqaal (Som) W Sb Lf Or NA Breast cancer Yalo District, Zone 4, Afar Region[64 ] AF, EW, TU, GD, GJ, WU, SU, AR, WG, IL, KF, GG, SD, BA (sea level to 2000) [65 ] Caryophyllaceae Silene macrosolen A. RichNA W H Lf Or NA Breast cancer Yalo District, Zone 4, Afar Region [64 ] TU, GD, WU, SU, AR SD BA, HA (1900-3600 ) [65 ] Celastraceae Maytenus senegalensis (Lam.) ExellAtat (Amh) W Sb Lf De It is pasted on the affected area Cancer Gondar Zuria District, Amhara Region [73 ] EW, TU, WU, GD, GJ, WG, SU, HA, AR, BA, IL, KF, GG, SD (380-2440) [66 ] Combretaceae Combretum Collinum Fresen. Abalo (Amh) W T Lf De The leaves of Combretum Collinum are pounded, powdered and applied on wound or tumor Wound and NEKERSA ’ ) Debark District, North Gondar Zone, Amhara Region [72 ] GJ, SU, (Gibe Gorge),WG, IL, KF, GG, SD, BA, HA (450-1950) [74 ] Cucurbitaceae Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) StandlBasu baaqula (Sid) HG H Lf De The leaves are crushed, ‘NEKERSA ’ Dega Damot District, Amhara Region [50 ] GD, GJ, TU, SU, AR, IL, KF, GG, BA, HA (300-2800) [74 ] Rt Or Dry root is pounded, powdered and drunk orally Cancer Hawassa city, Sidama Zone, SNNP Region [56 ] Momordica friesiorum (Harms) C. JeffreyWof tech (Amh) W H Rt De Used in combination with other herbs and applied topically ‘ KAYSI NEKERSA ’ / Across the regions of Ethiopia [45 ] SU, AR, GG, BA, HA (1180-2800) [74 ] Zehneria scabra (L.F. Sond) Areg resa (Amh) W H Lf & Rt NA NA ‘NEKERSA ’ Across the regions of Ethiopia [45 ] EW, TU, GD, GJ, WU, SU, AR, WG, IL KF GG, SD, BA, HA (1200-3580) [74 ] Euphorbiaceae Acalypha fruticosa ForsskNA W Sb Lf Or, Ns & De Crushed and applied oral, nasal or topical Breast cancer Yalo District, Zone 4, Afar Region [64 ] EW, WU, SU, GG, SD, HA (435-1800) [74 ] Bridelia micrantha (Hochst.) Baill. Yenebir tifir (Amh) W Sb Rt NA NA ‘NEKERSA ’ Across the regions of Ethiopia [45 ] GD, GJ, SU, AR, WG, IL, KF, GG, SD, BA (1050-2200) [74 ] Clutia abyssinica Jaub. and Spach.Fiyele-fej (Amh) W H WP De The whole part often together with C. richardiana and C. robusta; used topically ‘NEKERSA ’ Across the regions of Ethiopia [45 ] TU, GD, WU, GJ, SU, AR, KF, SD, BA, HA (1450-2950) [74 ] Croton macrostachyus Del.Bisana (Amh) W Sb Lf De Dry/fresh leaves are pounded, powdered and put on the affected part Wound cancer Wondo Genet District, Sidama Zone, SNNP Region [51 ] Lf In Fresh leaves are crushed and inserted into the wound Skin cancer Hawassa city, Sidama Zone, SNNP Region [37 ] EW, TU, GD, GJ, WU, SU, AR, WG, IL, KF, SD BA HA (500-2350) [74 ] Lf NA NA Cancer Dale District, Sidama Zone, SNNP Region [52 ] Euphorbia ampliphylla Pax. Qulquale (Amh) W T Fl De The flower of Euphorbia ampliphylla is pounded, powdered and mixed with honey and creamed on the affected part Skin cancer (‘LEMTSE ’ ) Debark District, North Gondar Zone, Amhara Region [72 ] TU, GD, GJ, WU, SU, IL, KF, SD, HA (1200-2700) [74 ] Rt & Lx NA Root and latex of Euphorbia abyssinica, together with Euphorbia caandelabrum & Kotschy and Euphorbit oboalifolia ‘NEKERSA ’ Across the regions of Ethiopia [45 ] Euphorbia dalettiensis M Gilbert . Kelekol (Amh) W Sb Rt & Lx NA NA Invasive ‘NEKERSA ’ Across the regions of Ethiopia [45 ] HA (1200) [74 ] Euphorbia lathyris L.Hadaamii (Oro) HG H St De Stem of Euphorbia lathris is chopped and fumigated to ulcerated breast due to cancer Breast ulcer Chelya District, West Shewa, Oromia Region [75 ]SU, HA (c 2000) [74 ] Euphorbia platyphyllos L.Anitrfa (Amh) W H Lx De Fresh latex is applied on the tumor topically Tumor Mecha District, West Gojjam Zone, Amhara Region [42 ] GJ, SU, AR (2000-3200) [74 ] Euphorbia polyacantha Boiss.Carricho (Sid) W Sb Lx De Its latex is squeezed and creamed on the affected area Skin cancer (tumor) Delanta District, Northwestern Wello, Amhara Region [60 ] EE, EW, TU, WU, SU, BA, HA (1200-2250) [74 ] Euphorbia tirucalli L. Kinchib (Amh) Shuraamo carre (Sid) W T Lx De Latex dropped on the affected part Skin cancer Wondo Genet District, Sidama Zone, SNNP Region [51 ] EW, TU, WU, SU, IL, GG, SD, BA, HA (1300-2000) [74 ] NA NA NA Unidentified swellings/ Neck Cancer Debre Libanos monastery, North Shewa Zone , Oromia Region [53 ] Phyllanthus ovalifolius Forssk. Sosiye (Amh) W Sb Rt NA NA ‘NEKERSA ’ Across the regions of Ethiopia [45 ] GD, GJ, WU, WG SU, AR, IL, KF, GG, SD, BA, HA (900-2750) [74 ] Ricinus communis L. Gulo (Amh) Qonbo”o (Sid) HG H Rt Or Fresh root is chewed and swallowed Breast cancer Hawassa city, Sidama Zone, SNNP Region [55 , 56 ] TU, GD, WU, SU,74 ] Lx NA NA ‘NEKERSA ’ Across the regions of Ethiopia [45 ] Fabaceae Acacia oerfota (Forssk.) Schweinf.Seraw (Tig) W Sb Lf Ns & De Crushed and applied nasally and/or topically Breast cancer Yalo District, Zone 4, Afar Region [64 ] AF, EW, TU, WU, SU, BA, HA, SD (100-1600) [66 ] Acacia tortilis (Forssk.) Hayne.Seraw (Tig) W T Lf Ns & De Crushed and applied nasally and/or topically Breast cancer Yalo District, Zone 4, Afar Region [64 ] AF, EW, TU, WU, SU, AR, HA, BA (600-1900) [66 ] Calpurnia aurea (Alt.) Benth. Digita (Amh) W Sb Lf Or The powdered leaf of the plant is mixed with root of Cucumis ficifolius (Yemidir Embuay) is cold macerated and given orally Unidentified Debre Libanos monastery, North Shewa Zone , Oromia Region [53 ] EW, TU, GD, WU, GJ, WG, SU, AR, BA, HA, KF, GG, SD (1650-3000) [66 ] Colutea abyssinica Kunth & BouchéDuaduate (Amh) W Sb Rt & Sd De Used in combination with other herbs and applied topically Cervical and rectal cancer Across the regions of Ethiopia [45 ] EW, TU, GD, WU, SU, AR, BA, HA, SD (1600-4000) [66 ] Dichrostachys cinerea (L.) Wight et Am.Ader (Amh) W Sb Rt Or Root of the plant is crushed and taken orally Skin bleaching (cancer) Yalo District, Zone 4, Afar Region [64 ] EW, TU, WU, GJ, WG, SU, AR, BA, HA, KF, GG, SD (450-2000) [66 ] Erythrina brucei Schweinf.Kuara /Korch (Amh) W T Br NA NA Cancer Dale District, Sidama Zone, SNNP region [52 ] WU, WG, GJ, SU, BA, HA, IL, KF, GD, GG, SD (1400-2600) [66 ] Indigofera oblongifolia Forsk.NA W Sb Lf Or & De Leaf of the plant is used orally and as a body wash Breast cancer Gubalafto District, North Wello Zone, Amhara Region [69 ] AF, EW, HA, BA, KF, GG, SD (up to 1200) [66 ] Millettia ferruginea (Hochst.) BakerBirbira (Amh) ( Sid) W T Br Or NA/ The bark is washed, pounded, filtered and given orally Cancer Dale District, Sidama Zone, SNNP region [52 ] WG, SU, HA, BA, IL, KF, SD (1600-66 ] Senna alexandrina Mill.Mekerbaa (Oro) W Sb Br De The bark is pounded and creamed on the swelling NEKERSA Across the regions of Ethiopia [45 ] AF, EW (0-1400) [66 ] Senna italica Mill.NA W H Lf Or & De Leaf of the plant is used orally and as a body wash Breast cancer Yalo District, Zone 4, Afar Region [64 ] AF, EW, TU, GD (0-1850) [66 ] Senna septemtrionalis (Viv.) Irwin & BarnebyNA W H Lf Or The Leaf is crushed in water and the filtrate is drunk Lung cancer Gubalafto District, North Wello Zone, Amhara Region [69 ] SU, AR, HA, IL, KF, SD (1700-2400) [66 ] Senna singueana (Del.) LockKey enchet (Amh) W Sb Lf & Br De Applied topically ‘MINSHIRO NEKERSA ’ Across the regions of Ethiopia [45 ] EW, TU, GD, WU, GJ, SU, SD (1500-2400) [66 ] Sesbania sesban L.Merr. Bofefe – Amh W Sb Rt NA NA ‘NEKERSA ’ Across the regions of Ethiopia [45 ] AF, EW, TU, GD (Sudan border), WU, GJ, WG, SU, AR, HA, IL, KF, GG, SD (300-2000) [66 ] Flacourtiaceae Dovyalis abyssinic a (A. Rich.) Warb Koshim (Amh) W Sb Fr Or Six to ten fruits are eaten Cancer Fiche District, Oromia [54 ] Br Or The raw bark of Dovyalis abyssinica is chewed and swallowed ‘MUJE ’ /Lymphatic tumor Dale District, Sidama Zone, SNNP Region [55 ] TU, GD, GJ, WU, SU, AR, GG, SD, BA, HA (1700-3000) [65 ] WP De Creamed on the affected part ‘NEKERSA ’ Across the regions of Ethiopia [45 ] Iridaceae Gladiolus candidus (Rendle), Goldblatt Milas Golgul (Amh) Hanxxaye (Oro) W H Rt Or & De The root is powdered and applied on the wound, or the powder is mixed with water and drunk ‘NEKERSA ’ (cancer) Across the regions of Ethiopia; Dega Damot District, Amhara Region [45 , 50 ] AR, SD, BA, HA (1450-2250) [63 ] Juncaceae Juncus effusus L.Etse felatsut (Amh) W H Rt De Used in combination with other herbs and applied topically ‘ KAYSI NEKERSA ’ Across the regions of Ethiopia [45 ] AR, BA (2400-3120) [63 ] Lamiaceae Ajuga integrifolia Buch.-Ham. ex D. DonEtse-libawit (Ge’ez) W Hb Lf De Applied on affected breast Breast cancer massage Jimma Zone, Oromia Region [47 ] EW, TU, GD, GJ, WU, SU, KF, SD, BA, HA (1500-3400) [61 ] Clerodendrum myricoides (Hochst.) VatkeMisrichi (Amh) W H Lf Or The leaf part will be pounded, mixed with honey and drunk; or its root boiled often mixed with the shoot of Zanthoxylum chalybeum Cancer (Leukemia) Dale District, Sidama Zone, SNNP Region [55 ] TU, GD, WU, SU,61 ] Leonotis ocymifolia (Burm.f.) IwarssonYe feres zeng (Amh) W Sb Lf De Chopped leaves are applied to the ulcer for 24 hours Ulcer of the neck (‘NEKERSA ’ ) Fiche District, North Shewa Zone, Oromia Region [46 ] EW, TU, GD, WU, GJ, SU, AR, WG, IL, KF, GG, SD, SA, HA (500-3700) [61 ] Leonotis raineriana De FC (Vis.)Ras kimir (Amh) W Sb Rt NA Often used with Leonotis Africana and an application is not given ‘ MINSHIRO NEKERSA ’ Across the regions of Ethiopia [45 ] EW, TU, GD, WU, GJ, SU, AR, WG, IL, KF, GG, SD, SA, HA (500-3700) [61 ] Salvia nilotica Jacq. Hulegeb (Amh) W H Rt NA NA ‘NEKERSA ’ Across the regions of Ethiopia [45 ] All Flora region, except AF (1300-3800) [61 ] Satureja abyssinica (Benth.) Briq.Este meaza (Amh) W Sb Lf De Used in combination with other herbs and applied topically Internal cancer Across the regions of Ethiopia [45 ] EW, TU, GD, GJ, WU, SU, AR, KF, GG, SD, BA, HA (900–2700) [61 ] Linaceae Linum usitatissimum L.Telba (Amh) HG H Sd Or NA Breast pain/’ NEKERSA ’ Kembatta Tembaro (KT) Zone, SNNP Region [58 ] Throughout the highlands (1600-3800) [65 ] Lobeliaceae Lobelia giberroa Hemsl.Jibira (Amh) W T Lx NA NA ‘NEKERSA ’ Across the regions of Ethiopia [45 ] EW, TU, GD, SU,61 ] Lobelia rhynchopetalum Hemsl.Etse-kemun (Ge’ez) W T Rt De Used in combination with other herbs andapplied topically ‘ MINSHIRO NEKERSA ’ Across the regions of Ethiopia [45 ] GD, GJ, SU, AR, BA, HA (3000-4350) [61 ] Loganiaceae Buddleja polystachya Fresen Anfar (Amh) W Sb Lf Or Pounded, cold macerated and taken orally Cancer Dale District, Sidama Zone, SNNP Region [55 ] AF, TU, GD, GJ,68 ] . Bullaancho (Sid) Lf NA NA ‘ MINSHIRO NEKERSA ’ Across the regions of Ethiopia [45 ] Malvaceae Malva verticillata L. Lut (Amh) W H Lf De The leaf is crushed, warmed on fire and tied on the swelling Swelling by ‘NEKERSA ’ Ada’a District, East Shewa Zone Oromia Region [31 ] EW, TU, GD, GJ, WU, SU, AR74 ] NA NA NA Unidentified swellings/ Neck Cancer Debre Libanos monastery, North Shewa Zone , Oromia Region [53 ] Sida schimperiana Hochst. ex. A. Rich.Chefreg (Amh) W Sb Lf & Rt De The leaf and root of Sida schimperi is pounded, Wound and ‘ NEKERSA ’ ) Debark District, North Gondar Zone, Amhara Region [72 ] EW, TU, GD, GJ, SU, WG, SD, BA HA (1500-2600) [74 ] Rt Or The juice of freshly squeezed root is mixed with honey Breast cancer Nekemte Town, East Wellega, Oromia Region [76 ] Meliaceae Ekebergia capensis Sparm Duduna (Amh) W Sb Rt & Br NA NA ‘NEKERSA ’ Across the regions of Ethiopia [45 ] TU, WU, GD, GJ,66 ] Fr Or The fruit of the plant is pounded, filtered and drunk Cancer Dale District, Sidama Zone, SNNP Region [55 ] Melianthaceae Bersama abyssinica Fresen.Azamir (Amh) Xeweerrakko (Sid) W T Br Or The bark of the plant pounded boiled and a small amount of the preparation is drunk Cancer Dale District, Sidama Zone, SNNP Region [55 ] TU, GD, WU, WG,66 ] Menispermaceae Stephania abyssinica (Dillon & A. Rich.) Walp. Engochit (Amh) W H Lf De Fresh leaves are rubbed by hand and droplets are applied on the skin Skin cancer Wondo Genet District, Sidama Zone, SNNP Region [51 ] EW, TU, GD, GJ, WU, SU, AR, WG, KF, IL, GG, SD, HA (1450-3400) [65 ] Moraceae Dorstenia barnimiana Schwienf. Work Bemeda (Amh) W H Rt In Small opening is made in the affected area and the root is inserted Cancer Zegie Peninsula, Northwestern Ethiopia, Amhara Region [44 ] GD, SU, HA, SD, BA, IL, GG (500-2450) [66 ] Ficus palmata Forssk.Beles (Amh) W Sb Lf & Rt De Its root and leaves with bulb of Allium sativium , fruits of Lagenaria siceraria crushed together, backed with powder of teff and then applied on wounds Skin cancer (‘LEMTSE ’ ) Minjar-Shenkora District, North Shewa Zone, Amhara Region [77 ] EW, TU, GD, GJ, WU, SU, HA, AR, KF (1000-2400 ) [66 ] Br NA NA ‘ KAYSI NEKERSA ’ Across the regions of Ethiopia [45 ] Ficus sur Forssk. Shola (Amh) W T Rt, Br & Fr NA NA ‘ KEMENZINA NEKERSA ’ Across the regions of Ethiopia [45 ] EW, TU,WU, GD, GJ, WG, SU, HA, AR, IL, KF, SD (1400-2500) [66 ] Myrsinaceae Myrsine africana L. Quechemo (Amh) W Sb Fr Or Dried fruit with dried leaf of Osyris quadripartita , powdered, mixed with little water is given orally Cancer Fiche District, North Shewa Zone, Oromia Region [54 ] EW, TU, GD, GJ, WU, SU, AR, KF, SD, BA, HA (1900-3800) [68 ] Myrsine Melanophloeos Morocho (Sid) W T Lf Or The leaf (often mixed with Olea capensis ) is pounded, cold macerated and drunk Cancer (leukemia) Dale District, Sidama Zone, SNNP Region [55 ] TU, GD, GJ, SU, AR, WG, GG, BA (2500-3750) [68 ] Oleaceae Olea capensis L.f.Seettaame (Sid) W T Sh Or The shoot part is boiled, mixed with honey and drunk; Shoot of Zanthoxylum chalybeum and Clerodendrum myricoides are often boiled together Cancer Dale District, Sidama Zone, SNNP Region [55 ] GD, SU, AR, IL, KF, SD, BA (1350-68 ] Olea europaea subsp.Cuspidate (Wall. ex. G. Don) Cif.Woira (Amh) W T Fr Ns The dried fruit and Embelia schimperi fruit powder with water is given nasally before food Tumor Mecha District, West Gojjam Zone, Amhara Region [42 ] AF, EW, TU, GD, WU, SU, KF, GG,68 ] Phytolaccaceae Phytolacca dodecandra L 'Herit.Endod (Amh) W Sb Lf & Rt NA Root and leaf of the plant is used by chopping and pounding; Cancer/swelling of gland Loma and Gena bosa Districts Dawro zone, SNNP region [59 ] EW, TU, BA,GG, GD, WU, GJ, WG, SU, IL, KF, AR, SD, HA (1500-3000 ) [65 ] Pittosporaceae Pittosporum abyssinicum Del.Lola (Amh) W Sb Br NA NA Cancer Dale District, Sidama Zone, SNNP region [52 ] GD, SU, BA, HA (2300-3200) [66 ] Plantaginaceae Plantago lanceolata L.Qorxobi (Oro) W H Sd De Dried seeds are crushed, powdered and applied to the cancer wound Cancer Hawassa city, Sidama Zone, SNNP Region [56 ] EW, TU,GD, GJ, WU, SU, WG, IL, KF, GG, SD, BA (1200-3200) [61 ] Plumbaginaceae Plumbago zeylanica L.Amera (Amh) W H Lf Or Leaf of P. zeylanica is squeezed and the juice is taken orally Cancer Ghimbi District, West Wollega Zone, Oromia Region [43 ] Rt De Root powder mixed with “digne” (sulfur) is applied/ dressed with root paste Cancer Zegie Peninsula, Northwestern Ethiopia, Amhara Region [44 ] Sh Or Fresh shoot boiled with water is given orally Stomach tumor Mecha District, West Gojjam Zone, Amhara Region [42 ] AF, EW, TU, GD61 ] Rt NA NA ‘ KAYSI NEKERSA ’ Across the regions of Ethiopia [45 ] Rt Or & De The root part is boiled and consumed orally and also applied topically Bone cancer Jeldesa Cluster, Dire Dawa city Administration [41 ] Podocarpaceae Afrocarpus falcatus (Thunb.) C.N.PageZigba (Amh) W T Lf NA NA Cancer Dale District, Sidama Zone, SNNP region [52 ] TU, GD, GJ, WU, SU, AR, IL, KF, GG, WG, SD, BA, HA (1350-2900) [78 ] Polygonaceae Oxygonum sinuatum (Meisn.) DammerKurnchit (Amh) W H WP De Whole part is creamed on the affected part ‘ NEKERSA ’ Across the regions of Ethiopia [45 ] EW, TU, GD, GJ,65 ] Rumex abyssinicus Jacq.Mekmeko (Amh) HG H Rt De The root is pounded and creamed on the swelling ‘ NEKERSA ’ Across the regions of Ethiopia [45 ] EW, TU, GD, GJ, SU, AR, WG, KF, IL, GG, SD, BA, HA (1200-3300) [65 ] Rt Or Root powder is mixed in spicy stew to increase its power of curing and taken orally Cancer Seharti Samre District, Southern Tigray Region [57 ] Rumex nervosus Vahl.Huhot/Embuacho (Amh) Dhangaggoo (Oro) W Sb Lf De Leaves are crushed and pasted on the affected area Breast cancer Seharti Samre District, Southern Tigray Region [57 ] EW, TU, GD,, GJ, WU, SU, AR, GG, SD, HA (400-3300) [65 ] Punicaceae Punica granatum L.Roman (Amh) HG Sb Fr Or The fruit is crushed and eaten Cancer Libo Kemkem District, Amhara Region [67 ] EW, SU, KF, and probably elsewhere (1000-2450) [65 ] Ranunculaceae Clematis bracteata (Roxb.) KurzYeazo Areg (Amh) W Cl WP De The plant is crushed and mixed with butter and applied Cancer Bale area, Southeast Ethiopia, Oromia Region [79 ] GD, GD/GJ, GJ, SU, WG, KF, IL, SD (1350-3300 ) [65 ] Clematis hirsuta var. hirsuta./ Perr. and Guill. Nech yeazo Areg (Amh) W Cl Lf, St & Br Or Leafs/stem and bark are mixed with leafs of Plectranthus ingiarius then pounded, filtered and drunk Breast cancer Wondo Genet District, Sidama Zone, SNNP Region [51 ] Lf De The leaves are crushed and applied on the swelling as bandage Swelling by ‘ NEKERSA ’ Dega Damot District, Amhara Region [50 ] EW, TU, GD, GJ, WU, SU, AR, IL, KF, SD, BA, HA (850- 3200) [65 ] Lf Or & In The leaves are pounded to make a solution and half of small glass is drunk; certain amount of the solution is applied into the hole of the wound using syringe or other domestic material; the residue is put on the opening of the wound. Bone cancer Blue Hora District, Borana Zone, Oromia Region [49 ] Clematis simensis Fresen.Fiide (Sid) W Cl Lf De The leaves are crushed, powdered and then creamed Cancer Libo Kemkem District, Amhara Region [67 ] GD, TU, WU, GJ,65 ] Lf Or Leaves of the plant will be macerated and drunk Cancer Dale District, Sidama Zone, SNNP Region [55 ] Ranunculus multifidus Forssk. Etse Siol (Amh/Ge’ez) W H Lf De The leaf is powdered and dressed externally ‘ NEKERSA ’ (Cancer)Debre Libanos monastery, North Shewa Zone , Oromia Region [53 ] EW, TU, GD, GJ, WU, SU, AR, WG, IL, KF, SD, BA, HA (1200-3800)[65 ] Thalictrum rhynchocarpum Dill. & A. Rich.Sire bizu (Amh) W H Rt De Used in combination with other herbs and applied topically ‘KEMENZINA 'NEKERSA ’ Across the regions of Ethiopia [45 ] TU, GD, GJ, SU, AR, WG, IL, KF, HA (1600-3050) [65 ] Rhamnaceae Ziziphus mauritiana Lam.NA W Sb Lf Or NA Breast cancer Yalo District, Zone 4, Afar Region [64 ] IL, GG, SD, SD-BA, HA (400-1600) [66 ] Ziziphus spina-christi L. Desf. Geba (Amh/Age) Qurqura (Oro) W T Rt & Fr NA NA ‘ MINSHIRO NEKERSA ’ ; TumorsAcross the regions of Ethiopia [45 , 80 ] AF, EW, TU, GD, WU, SU, GG, BA, HA (0-2400) [66 ] Rosaceae Hagenia abyssinica (Bruce) J.F.Gmel. Kosso (Amh) W T Rt De The root is pounded and mixed with honey, then creamed on the affected part ‘ MINSHIRO NEKERSA ’ Across the regions of Ethiopia [45 ] EW, TU, GD, WU, GJ, WG, SU, AR, BA, HA, KF, SD (2450-3250) [66 ] Prunus Africana (Hook. f.) KalkmTikur Enchet (Amh) W T Br Or Liquid extracts from P. Africana bark is pounded, juiced and taken orally Benign prostatic hyperplasia, Ghimbi District, West Wollega Zone, Oromia Region [43 ] GD, GJ, WG, SU, AR, BA, HA, IL, KF, SD (1700-2500) [66 ] Rosa abyssinica LindleyKega (Amh) W Sb Rt & Fl NA NA ‘NEKERSA ’ Across the regions of Ethiopia [45 ] EW, TU, GD, WU, GJ, SU, AR, HA, BA (1900-3300) [66 ] Rubiaceae Rubia cordifolia L.Enchibir (Amh) W H Rt De Used in combination with other herbs and applied topically Internal cancer Across the regions of Ethiopia [45 ] EW, TU, GD, GJ, WU, SU, AR, KF, SD, BA, HA, (1000-2850) [68 ] Rt Or The root part is crushed in water for 3 days and taken orally Lung cancer Gubalafto District, North Wello Zone, Amhara Region [69 ] Rutaceae Fagaropsis angolensis (Engl.) DaleOloncho (Sid) W Sb Fr NA NA Cancer Dale District, Sidama Zone, SNNP region [52 ] TU, WU, GD, GJ,66 ] Zanthoxylum Gadda (Sid/O ro) W T Lf Or The leaves are dried, powdered, cold macerated and drunk Breast cancer Hawassa city and Dalle District, Sidama Zone, SNNP Region [52 , 55 , 56 ] GG, BA, HA (900-66 ] chalybeum Engl. Rt NA NA Cancer Santalaceae Osyris quadripartita Decn. Queret (Amh) W T Lf Or Dried leaf with dried fruit of Myrsine africana, is powdered, mixed with water and given orally Cancer Fiche District, Oromia Region [54 ] EW, TU, GD, WU,66 ] Sapindaceae Dodonaea angustirolia L. f. Kitkita (Amh) Ittancha (Sid) W Sb Lf NA NA Cancer Dale District, Sidama Zone, SNNP Region; Across the regions of Ethiopia [45 , 52 ] EW, TU, GD, WU, SU, AR, GJ, WG, KF, GG, SD, BA, HA (500-2900) [66 ] NA NA NA Unidentified swellings/ Neck Cancer Debre Libanos monastery, North Shewa Zone , Oromia Region [53 ] Sapotaceae Sideroxylon oxyacanthum Baill.Bunguude (Sid) W Sb Lf Or The leaf part macerated and taken orally Cancer Dale District, Sidama Zone, SNNP Region [55 ] TU, GD, SU,68 ] Scrophulariaceae Craterostigma pumilum Hochst.Delashut (Amh) W H Lf & Fl De Used in combination with other herbs and applied topically Cervical and rectal cancer Across the regions of Ethiopia [45 ] GD, EW, SU, HA, BA, WU, GJ, TU (1300-3100) [61 ] Rhamphicarpa fistulosa (Hochst.) Benth.Yeset lib (Amh) W H Fl Or Used in combination with other herbs and given orally Lung cancer Across the regions of Ethiopia [45 ] GD, GJ, WG, KF (800-1650) [61 ] Simaroubaceae Brucea antidysenterica J.F. Mill. Yedega Abalo (Amh) W Sb St & Br Or Decoction is drunk Cancer Jimma Zone and Bale Zone, Oromia Region [47 , 48 ] EW, TU, GD, GJ, WG, SU, AR, IL,66 ] Waginos (Ge’ez) Lf De The leaves are collected and dried, the powder is then applied to the skin Cancer Fiche District, North Shewa Zone, Oromia Region [46 ] Solanaceae Nicotiana tabacum L.Timbaho (Amh) HG H Lf De The leaf is pounded and creamed on the swelling ‘ NEKERSA ’ Across the regions of Ethiopia [45 ] EW, TU,GD, SU, WG, KF, GG, SD, HA (300-2400) [61 ] Solanum gigantum Jacq. Tikur Embuay (Amh) W Sb Lf De NA Breast pain Kembatta Tembaro (KT) Zone, SNNP Region [58 ] GD, GJ, WG, IL, KF, SD, BA (1100-2300) [61 ] Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal in DC.Gizawa (Ama) W Sb NA NA NA Cancer Fiche District, North Shewa Zone, Oromia Region [46 ] AF, EW, TU,GD, GJ, WU, SU, KF, GG, SD, HA (600-2700) [61 ] Vitaceae Cyphostemma adenocaule (Steud. ex. A. Rich.) Descoings exWild & DrummondAsserkush (Amh) W Cl Lf De The leaf part is warmed up and pasted on the affected area Swelling by ‘ NEKERSA ’ Ada’a District, East Shewa Zone Oromia Region; Across the regions of Ethiopia [31 , 45 ] EW, TU, GD, GD-GJ, WU, SU, WG, IL, KF, GG, SD, BA, HA (600-2650) [66 ] Cyphostemma cyphopetalum (Fresen.) Descoings ex Wild&Drummond Gindosh (Amh) Kelkalo (Oro) W Cl Rt & Fl NA NA ‘ NEKERSA ’ Across the regions of Ethiopia [45 ] AF, EW, TU, GD, WU, SU, SU-AR, GJ, WG, GG, SD, BA, HA (250-2800) [66 ] Zygophyllaceae Tribulus terrestris L.Ch’amare (Oro) W H Fr NA NA Cancer Across the regions of Ethiopia [80 ] EW, WU, SU, AR, SD, HA (sea level up to 2300) [65 ]
