Therapeutic Potential of Pterostilbene and Resveratrol on Biomechanic, Biochemical, and Histological Parameters in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

Figure 6

Electron microscopic images of the skeletal muscle tissue samples obtained from the groups. The groups C, DM, PTS10, PTS20, PTS40, RSV10, RSV20, and Mix have been enumerated from (a) to (h), respectively. M: mitochondria, N: nucleus, V: vacuolization, L: lipid droplets, Cap: capillary vessel, F: fibroblast, E: endomysium, Arrows in (b) and (d): sarcoplasmic reticulum cisternae, Arrows in (e) and (f): glycogen particles, Z: Z line, A and I: A and I bands, Bars in (a)–(d), (f), and (h): 0.5 μm, and Bars in (e) and (g): 1 μm.

(a) This micrograph shows the normal structural organization of skeletal muscle fibers and regular myofibrils composed of repeating contraction units in C group

(b) The muscle fiber reveals swelling of mitochondria and disruption of the cristae and large lipid droplets in DM group

(c) Muscle fibers exhibit heterochromatic nuclei with peripheral location in this micrograph. Also, damage in the cristae of mitochondria and vacuolization in the sarcoplasmic reticulum are identified. In addition, large lipid droplets and capillary vessel are observed in the endomysium surrounding the individual muscle fiber in PTS10 group

(d) The muscle fiber shows vacuolization of the sarcoplasmic reticulum cisternae (arrows) and intact mitochondria compared to the diabetic group in PTS20 group

(e) Muscle fibers exhibit normal myofibrils with A and I bands in this micrograph. Mitochondria were usually seen to maintain their normal ultrastructure in PTS40 group

(f) This micrograph shows normal mitochondrial structure with glycogen particles indicated by arrows in RSV10 group

(g) The sarcoplasm of muscle fiber exhibits a slight increase in electron density. Numerous mitochondria are seen to maintain their normal structures in RSV20 group

(h) The muscle fiber reveals normal nucleus and mitochondria. Sarcomeres, which are contraction units between Z bands, maintain their normal structures in Mix group