|
Chemical class | Origin | Extract | Present/Absent |
|
Alkaloid | Indonesia1 | Leaf-water extract1 | Present1 |
Malaysia2,3,5 | Leaf-100% methanol extract2,5 | Absent2,5 |
| Leaf-100% chloroform extract3 | Presence3 |
| Leaf-70% methanol extract4 | Absent4 |
Saponin | Indonesia1 | Leaf-water extract1 | Absent1 |
Malaysia2,3,4,5 | Leaf-100% methanol extract2, 5 | Present2,5 |
| Leaf-100% chloroform extract3 | Absent3 |
| Leaf-70% methanol extract4 | Absent4 |
Flavonoids | Indonesia1 | Leaf-water extract1 | Present1 |
Malaysia2,3,4,5 | Leaf-100% methanol extract2,5 | Present2,5 |
| Leaf-100% chloroform extract3 | Present4 |
| Leaf-70% methanol extract4 | Present3 |
Triterpenoids | Indonesia1 | Leaf-water extract1 | Present1 |
Malaysia5 | Leaf-100% methanol extract5 | Present2 |
Diterpenes | Malaysia2 | Leaf-100% methanol extract2 | Present |
Steroids | Indonesia1 | Leaf-water extract1 | Present1 |
Malaysia4,5 | Leaf-70% methanol extract4 | Present2,3 |
Thailand7 | Leaf-100% methanol extract5 | Present5 |
| Stem-Light petroleum extract7 | Present7 |
Phytosterol | Malaysia2,4 | Leaf-100% methanol extract2 | Present1 |
| Leaf-70% methanol extract4 | Present2 |
Tannin | Indonesia1 | Leaf-water extract1 | Present1 |
Malaysia2,3,4,5 | Leaf-100% methanol extract2,5 | Absent2,5 |
| Leaf-100% chloroform extract3 | Present3 |
| Leaf-70% methanol extract4 | Present4 |
Quinone | Indonesia1 | Leaf-water extract1 | Absent |
Phenolic compound | Malaysia2 | Leaf-100% methanol extract2 | Present |
Glycosides | Malaysia3,4 | Leaf-100% chloroform extract3 | Present1 |
| Leaf-70% methanol extract4 | Present2 |
Iridoids | Thailand6 | Leaf 6 | Present6 |
Carbohydrates | Malaysia4 | Leaf-70% methanol extract4 | Present4 |
Protein and amino acids | Malaysia4 | Leaf-70% methanol extract4 | Present4 |
|