Research Article

Acupuncture and Related Therapies for Obesity: A Network Meta-Analysis

Table 2

Descriptions of the included acupuncture and related therapies.

Study ID (Country)Style of acupunctureNames of acupuncture points usedRetention timeFrequency & duration of Acupuncture sessions

Allison et al. 1995, USAAASNR2-3 min3 sessions daily for 12 weeks

Hsu et al. 2005, TaiwanEAQiai(REN9), Shuifen(REN9)
Shuidao(ST28), Siman(K14)
Zusanli(ST26), Fenglong(ST40) Sanginjao(SP6)
40 min2 sessions weekly for 6 weeks

Richards et al. 1998, AustraliaAASShenmen(TF4), Stomach(CO4)15-20 min2 sessions daily for 4 weeks

He et al. 2008, ChinaCombined therapies#Ear acupressure:
Shenmen(TF4), Neifenmi(CO18),
Pi(CO13), Wei(CO14),
Sanjiao(CO17), Dachang(CO7),
Naodian
Body acupuncture:
Tianshu(ST25), Guanyuan(RN4) Sanyinjiso(SP9), Fenglong(ST40) Zusanli(ST36)
Ear acupressure:3 days Body acupuncture:30 minEar acupressure:1 session every 3 days with a total of 10 sessions
Body acupuncture: The first 5 days of treatment 1 time, 5 days after treatment 1, 1 month, for a course of treatment.

Li et al. 2006, ChinaEASanginjao(SP6), Tianshu(ST25) Zusanli(ST36), Quchi(LI11)
Fenglong(ST40), Neiting(ST44)
Zhongwan(CV12), Pishu(BL20) Shenshu(BL23), Qihai(CV6) Yinlingquan(SP9), Shangjuxu(ST37) Taichong( LR3)
10 min1 session daily with a total of 60 sessions, 2 days rest in-between 10 sessions
AASHunger point Pizhixia(AT4) Shenmen(TF4), Shenshangxian(TG2P) Sanjiao(CO17), Pi(CO13) Wei(CO14), Fei(CO14)
Kou(CO1), Dachang(CO7) Zhichangxiduan(HX2)
15-20 min1 session daily with a total of 10 sessions for 10 weeks, 2 day rest in-between 10 sessions

Tong et al. 2011, ChinaAcupunctureZhongwan(CV12), Zhongji(CV3) Daheng(SP15), Xiawan(CV10) Shimen(CV5), Tianshu(ST25)
Liangqiu(ST34), Zusanli(ST36) Yinlingquan(SP9)
30 min1 session every other day for a total of 5 weeks with 12 sessions

Hsu et al. 2009, TaiwanAASHunger point, Shenmen point(TF4) Stomach point(CO4),
Endocrine point(CO18)
3 days2 sessions weekly for a total of 6 weeks with 12 sessions

Hsieh et al. 2010, TaiwanAASNR2/3 days1 session weekly for 10 sessions

Hsieh et al. 2011, TaiwanAASNRNR1 session weekly for a total of eight weeks

Abdi et al. 2012, IranAASShenmen(TF4), Stomach(CO4)
Hunger point Mouth(CO1)
Centre of ear(HX1), Sanjiao(CO17)
3 daysTwice a week for a total of 6 weeks

Darbandi et al. 2012, IranAASShenmen(TF4), Stomach(CO4) Hunger point Mouth(CO1) Centreof ear(HX1), Sanjiao(CO17)3 daysTwice a week for a total of 6 weeks

He et al. 2012, ChinaAASHunger point Stomach(CO4)
Spleen(CO14), LargeIntestine(CO7)
Endocrine(CO18), Shenmen(TF4)
3 days3 times a day for 4 weeks

Lien et al. 2012, TaiwanAASShenmen point(TF4), Stomach point(CO4)
Hunger point, Endocrine point(CO18)
NR3 session weekly with a total of 12 sessions for 4 weeks
PlaceboShenmen point(TF4), Stomach point(CO4)
Hunger point, Endocrine point(CO18)
NR3 sessions weekly with a total of 12 sessions for 4 weeks

Darbandi et al. 2014, IranEATianshu (ST-25), Weidao(GB28)
Zhongwan(REN12), Shuifen(REN9) Guanyuan(REN4), Sanyinjiao(SP6) Quchi(LI11), Fenlong(ST40) Qihai(REN6), Yinlingquan (SP9)
20 min2 sessions weekly for a total of 6 weeks
AASShenmen (TF4), Stomach (CO4)
Hunger point, Mouth (CO1)
Center of ear (HX1), Sanjiao (CO17)
3 days2 sessions weekly for a total of 6 weeks

Yeh et al. 2015, TaiwanEAShenmen (TF4), Stomach CO4) Endocrine (CO18)
Hunger point
20 minNR

Chen et al. 2007, ChinaACELiangqiu(ST34), Zhongwan(CV12) Tianshu(ST25), Shuifen(CV9) Fenglong(ST40)A week1 session weekly with a total of 30 sessions for 4 weeks
AcupunctureLiangqiu(ST34), Zhongwan(CV12) Tianshu(ST25), Shuifen(CV9) Fenglong(ST40)45 minThe first 5 days are 1 times a day, and 1 time after 5 days, 1 month is 1 course of treatment.

Huang et al. 2011, ChinaACEOne set is Tianshu(ST25)
Zhongwan(CV12), Guanyuan(CV4)
Zusanli(ST36), Weishu(BL21)
Ashixue
24 hour1 session weekly with a total of 7 sessions for 60 days
EAZhongwan(CV12), Tianshu(ST25)
Daheng(SP15), Shuifen(CV9)
QIhai(CV6), Guanyuan(CV4)
Zusanli(ST36), Ashixue
30 min3 sessions weekly with a total of 12 sessions for 60 days

Tang et al. 2009, ChinaCombined therapiesEA:
Zhongwan(CV12), Xiawan(CV10)
Guanyuan(CV4), Tianshu(ST25)
Shuifen(CV9), Sanyinjiao(SP6)
Zusanli(ST36), Xuehai(SP10)
Xinshu(BL15), Geshu(BL17) Pishu(BL20)
ACE:
Zhongwan(CV12), Tianshu(ST25)
Qihai(CV6), Tianshu(ST25)
Liangqiu(ST34), Zusanli(ST36)
Gongsun(SP4), Xinshu(BL15)
Pishu(BL20)
EA:30 minEA:The first 3 days are 1 times a day, and 1 time after 3 days, 15 days is 1 course of treatment.
ACE:After the first acupoint catgut embedding for 3 consecutive times, the interval is buried for the second time after 15 days, and the acupuncture is performed for the third time after the end of the treatment period.
EAZhongwan(CV12), Xiawan(CV10)
Guanyuan(CV4), Tianshu(ST25)
Shuifen(CV9), Sanyinjiao(SP6)
Zusanli(ST36), Xuehai(SP10)
Xinshu(BL15), Geshu(BL17)
Pishu(BL20)
30 minThe first 3 days are 1 times a day, and 1 time after 3 days, 15 days is 1 course of treatment.

Shi et al. 2006, ChinaCombined therapiesZhongwan(CV12), Xiawan(CV10)
Qihai(CV6), Zhongji(CV3)
Tianshu(ST25), Daheng(SP15)
Liangmen(ST21), Huaroumen(ST24)
Shuidao(ST28), Quchi(CV6)
Zhigou(TE6), Hegu(LI4)
Liangqiu(ST34), Zusanlli(ST36)
Shangjuxu(ST37), Fenglong(ST40)
Sanyinjiao(SP6), Gongsun(SP4)
Neiting((ST44)
30 minEA:The first 3 days are 1 times a day, and 1 time after 3 days, 15 days is 1 course of treatment.
ACE: After the first acupoint catgut embedding for 3 consecutive times, the interval is buried for the second time after 15 days, and the acupuncture is performed for the third time after the end of the treatment period.
EAZhongwan(CV12), Xiawan(CV10)
Qihai(CV6), Zhongji(CV3)
Tianshu(ST25), Daheng(SP15) Liangmen(ST21), Huaroumen(ST24) Shuidao(ST28), Quchi(CV6) Zhigou(TE6), Hegu(LI4)
Liangqiu(ST34), Zusanlli(ST36) Shangjuxu(ST37), Fenglong(ST40) Sanyinjiao(SP6), Gongsun(SP4) Neiting((ST44)
30 minThe first 3 days are 1 times a day, and 1 time after 3 days, 15 days is 1 course of treatment.

Hsu et al. 2005, TaiwanEAQihai (REN-6), Shuifen (REN-9) Shuidao (ST-28), Siman (K-14)
Zusanli (ST-26), Fenglong(ST-40)
Sanginjao (SP-6)
40 min2 sessions weekly with a total of 12 sessions for 6 weeks

Güçel et al. 2012, TurkeyAcupunctureHegu(LI4), Shenmen(HT7)
Zusanli(ST36), Neiting(ST44) Sanyinjiao(SP6)
20 min2 sessions weekly with a total of 10 sessions for 5 weeks

Deng et al. 2014, ChinaCombined therapiesZhongwan (CV 12), Xiawan(CV 10)
Qihai(CV 6), Guanyuan( CV4) Huaroumen (ST 24), Wailing ( ST 26)
Daheng (SP 15), Tianshu (ST 25)
Yinjiao (CV 7), Zhigou (TE 6)
Zusanll (ST 36)
NRAcupuncture:1 session every 3 days with a total of 21 sessions for 4 weeks, 3 days rest between every session
Acupoint catgut
Embedding:1 session weekly with a total of 3 sessions for 3 weeks
AcupunctureZhongwan (CV 12), Xiawan(CV 10)
Qihai(CV 6), Guanyuan( CV4) Huaroumen (ST 24), Wailing ( ST 26)
Daheng (SP 15), Tianshu (ST 25)
30 min1 session every 3 days with a total of 21 sessions for 4 weeks, 3 days rest between every session
Acupoint catgut embeddingZhongwan (CV 12), Tianshu (ST 25) Yinjiao (CV 7), Zhigou (TE 6) Guanyuan( CV4), Zusanli (ST 36)NR1 session weekly with a total of 3 sessions for 3 weeks

Hassan et al. 2014, EgyptARNRNRNR

He et al. 2014, ChinaARNRNRNR
acupunctureTianshu (ST25), Liangmen(ST21) Daheng (SP15), Zusanli (ST36) Sanyinjiao(SP6), Quchi (LI11)
Zhigou (SJ6), Zhongwan(RN12)
Qihai (RN06)
30 min1 session daily with a total of 21 sessions for 3 weeks

Wang et al. 2013, ChinaEANeiting(ST44), Shangjuxu(ST37)
Xiajuxu(ST39), Fenglong(ST40)
Tianshu(ST25), Zusanli(ST36)
Quchi(LI11)
30 min1 session every 2 days with a total of 12 sessions for 3 weeks
AcupunctureNeiting(ST44), Shangjuxu(ST37)
Xiajuxu(ST39), Fenglong(ST40)
Tianshu(ST25), Zusanli(ST36)
Quchi(LI11)
30 min1 session every 2 days with a total of 12 sessions for 3 weeks

Sujung et al. 2014, South KoreaAASShen-men(TF4), Stomach(CO4) Spleen(CO13), Hunger point Endocrine(C018)NR1 session weekly with a total of 8 sessions for 8 weeks

Bu et al. 2007, ChinaCombined therapiesAcupuncture:
Tianshu(ST25), Guanyuan(CV4) Zusanli(ST36), Fenglong(ST40) Sanyinjiao(SP6)
AAS:
Shenmen(TF4), Endocrine(C018) Spleen(CO13), Stomach(CO4) Dachang(CO7), Sanjiao(CO17 )
Naodian
Acupuncture:30 min
ear acupressure:1 day
1 session every day with a total of 10 sessions for 6 weeks, 1 week rest in-between 10 sessions.
AcupunctureTianshu(ST25), Guanyuan(CV4) Zusanli(ST36), Fenglong(ST40) Sanyinjiao(SP6)30 min1 session every day with a total of 10 sessions for 6 weeks, 1 week rest in-between 10 sessions.

Shi et al. 2005, ChinaWarming acupunctureZhongwan(CV12), Shuifen(CV9) Qihai(CV6), Zhongji(CV3)
Tianshu(ST25), Shuidao(ST28) Neiguan(PC6), Hegu(LI4) Xuehai(SP10), Zusanli(ST36) Fenglong(ST40), Sanyinjiao(SP6)
40 min1 session every day with a total of 15 sessions for 4 weeks
EAZhongwan(CV12), Shuifen(CV9) Qihai(CV6), Zhongji(CV3)
Tianshu(ST25), Shuidao(ST28) Neiguan(PC6), Hegu(LI4) Xuehai(SP10), Zusanli(ST36) Fenglong(ST40), Sanyinjiao(SP6)
40 min1 session every day with a total of 15 sessions for 4 weeks

Yang et al. 2010, ChinaARZhongwan(CV12), Tianshu(ST25) Guanyuan(CV4), Zusanli(ST36) Fenglong(ST40), Yinlingquan(SP9) Sanyinjiao(SP6), Pishu(BL20) Weishu(BL21), Ashixue30 min1 session daily with a total of 15 sessions for 7 weeks, 3 days rest between every session

Cabioglu et al. 2005, TurkeyEABody points:
Hegu(LI 4), Tianshu(ST 25)
Quchi(LI 11), Zusanli(ST 36)
Neiting(ST 44
30 minBody EA was performed everyday, and EA was performed every other day

Cabioglu et al. 2006, TurkeyEABody points:
Quchi(LI 11), Zusanli(ST 36)
Neiting(ST 44)
30 minBody EA application was performed daily for 20 days, and EA was applied to each ear on alternating days

Cabioglu et al. 2008, TurkeyEABody points:
Hegu(LI 4), Quchi(LI 11)
Tianshu(ST 25)Zusanli(ST 36)
Taitong(Liv 3), Neiting(ST 44)
30 minBody EA application was performed daily for 20 days, and EA was applied to each ear on alternating days

Darbandi et al. 2013, IranARInrervention group:
Tianshu(ST 25), Weidao(GB 28)
Zhongwan(RN 12), Shuifen(RN 9)
Guanyuan(RN 4), Sanyinjiao(SP 6)
Excess group:
Quchi(LI 11), Fenglong(ST 40)
Deficiency group:
Qihai(RN6), Yinlingquan(SP9)
20 minTwo treatmennt per week for a total of 6 weeks(12 treatments)

Fogarty et al. 2015, AustraliaARHegu(LI 4), Quchi(LI 11)
Zusanli(ST 36), Neiting(ST 44)
Taichong(LR 3)
Auricular acupuncture:
Shenmen(TF4)
NRNR

LM: lifestyle modification; AAS: auricular acupoint stimulation; EA: electroacupuncture; ACE: acupoint catgut embedding; WA: warming acupuncture; AR: acupuncture and related therapies; #combination of acupuncture and related therapies.