Development, Characterization, and Evaluation of Novel Broad-Spectrum Antimicrobial Topical Formulations from Cymbopogon martini (Roxb.) W. Watson Essential Oil

Table 8

Grading scale for the evaluation of challenge patch test reactions in the Guinea Pig Maximization Test of C. martini EO topical formulations.

Formulations	Sex	No. of animals	% of test substance	Amount applied	MKGS Result
					0	1	2	3
Hydrophilic Ointment	F	5	5%	0.5gm	√	-	-	-
	M	5	5%	0.5gm	√	-	-	-
Macrogol Blend Ointment	F	5	5%	0.5gm	√	-	-	-
	M	5	5%	0.5gm	√	-	-	-
Positive Control Group (SLS)	F	5	10%	0.5gm	-	-	-	3/5
	M	5	10%	0.5gm	-	-	-	4/5
Hydrophilic Ointment Base	F	5	Base only	0.5gm	-	1/5	-	-
	M	5	Base only	0.5gm	√	-	-	-
Macrogol Blend Ointment Base	F	5	Base only	0.5gm	√	-	-	-
	M	5	Base only	0.5gm	√	-	-	-

0: no visible change, 1: discrete or patchy erythema, 2: moderate and confluent erythema, 3: intense erythema and swelling, MKGS: Magnusson and Kligman Grading Scale, and SLS: sodium lauryl sulfate