Salix babylonica L. as a Natural Anticoccidial Alternative in Growing Rabbits

Table 1

Qualitative tests to determine the chemical profile of Salix babylonica hydroalcoholic extract.

Qualitative tests	Sample processing
Test with KMnO4 to detect unsaturation	2 mg of sample was resuspended in 1 mL of methanol, and KMnO4 at 2% was added drop by drop in water. The test was positive when there was discoloration or formation of brown precipitate.
Test with FeCl3 to detect phenolic oxydrils (vegetable tannins)	2 mg of sample was resuspended in 1 mL of water, and some drops of FeCl3 (III) at 12.5% in water were added. The test was positive when red, blue-violet, or green precipitate was formed.
Liebermann–Bouchard test to detect sterols and triterpenes	The reactive prepared by mixing 1 mL of acetic acid and 1 mL of chloroform, cooled to 0°C, with sulfuric acid added drop by drop until there was no chemical reaction, and added drop by drop to the sample. The test was positive when blue, green, red, or orange colors were developed during that time.
Salkowski test to detect sterols and triterpenes	2 mg of sample was dissolved in NaOH at 10%. The test was positive when it developed yellow coloration which was eliminated by acidulation of the mixture.
Test of coumarins	2 mg of sample was dissolved in 10% NaOH; if a yellow coloration appears, which disappears when the test is acidulate, the test is positive.
Baljet test to detect sesquiterpenlactones	2 mg of the extract was mixed with 3 or 4 drops of the mixture solution (acid picric and NaOH). The test was positive when the coloration changed from orange to dark red.
Test of H2SO4 to detect flavonoids	2 mg of the sample was dissolved in H2SO4. Yellow coloration indicated the presence of flavonoids, orange-maroon that of flavons, bluish-red that of chalcons, and reddish-purple that of quinones.
Shinoda test for flavonoids	2 mg of sample and 1 mL of ethanol were placed in a test tube, magnesium filings (0.5 g) and three drops of concentrated HCl were added. The presence of flavonoids was confirmed when orange, red, pink, and violet coloration developed.
Dragendorff test to detect alkanoids	Two or three drops of the A (bismuth nitrate and glacial acetic acid) and B (potassium iodate) reactive were added in 2 mg of sample. Orange to red coloring was considered positive.
Tannin test	1 mL of the sample and 20 mL of H2O were boiled in a test tube, and 3 drops of 0.1% FeCl3 were added. The positive test is considered if it appears green or blue-black color.
Phlorotannins test	1 mL of the sample was boiled with 20 mL of 1% HCl. The test is considered positive if there is a presence of a red precipitate.
Steroid test	2 mL of acetic acid was placed with 0.5 mL of the extract sample and 2 mL of H2SO4 in a test tube. The appearance of a blue-violet-green color is considered positive.
Sodium bicarbonate test	2 mg of the sample was dissolved in water, 3 drops of sulfuric acid were added, and 3 drops of a solution of sodium bicarbonate (10%) were added. The test is considered positive with the appearance of bubbles and its permanence for more than 1 minute indicating the presence of saponins.
Salkowski test for saponins	2 mg of sample was dissolved in 1 mL of chloroform, and 1 mL of sulfuric acid was added. The test is considered positive with the appearance of a red color.