Phyllanthus muellerianus (Euphorbiaceae) Restores Ovarian Functions in Letrozole-Induced Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome in Rats
Table 4
Effects of clomiphene citrate, metformin, aqueous and methanolic extracts of P. mullerianus on plasmatic LH, FSH, progesterone, estradiol, and testosterone levels after 7 and 14 days of treatment.
Groups
Doses
LH
FSH
Progesterone
Estradiol
Testosterone
(ng/ml)
(ng/ml)
(ng/ml)
(ng/ml)
(ng/ml)
Control
10 ml/kg
7.79 ± 0.64
3.15 ± 0.03
56.15 ± 1.82
995 ± 195.17
1.30 ± 0.33
7 days
PCOS+Distilled water
10 ml/kg
24.72 ± 0.81
3.28 ± 0.11
16.65 ± 1.14
169 ± 20.98
7.54 ± 1.31
PCOS+Clomiphene citrate
2 mg/kg
17.98 ± 1.62
3.26 ± 0.03
16.71 ± 1.76
858.75 ± 45.24###
4.95 ± 0.36
PCOS+Metformin
500 mg/kg
13.04 ± 0.83###
3.31 ± 0.16
32.86 ± 3.1#
645 ± 85.51###
1.85 ± 0.33##
PCOS+Aqueous extract
30 mg/kg
14.71 ± 1.21###
3.34 ± 0.10
37.39 ± 2.44###
332.5 ± 20.23
5.59 ± 1.10
PCOS+Aqueous extract
60 mg/kg
11.86 ± 0.94###
3.37 ± 0.05
44.56 ± 4.13###
648.5 ± 108.98##
2.61 ± 0.71#
PCOS+Aqueous extract
120 mg/kg
9.58 ± 0.13###
3.41 ± 0.02
17.56 ± 2.12
306.5 ± 12.16
3.16 ± 0.67#
PCOS+Methanolic extract
30 mg/kg
9.25 ± 0.32###
3.23 ± 0.13
19.82 ± 2.24
273.5 ± 8.42
6.45 ± 1.30
PCOS+Methanolic extract
60 mg/kg
9.77 ± 0.36###
2.97 ± 0.02
29.15 ± 1.09
415.75 ± 38.01
2.17 ± 0.32##
PCOS+Methanolic extract
120 mg/kg
11.84 ± 1.34###
3.29 ± 0.12
16.65 ± 1.78
335 ± 21.20
3.15 ± 0.76#
14 days
PCOS+Distilled water
10 ml/kg
22.62 ± 2.12
2.98 ± 0.05
15.74 ± 2.46
294.75 ± 12.29
8.62 ± 0.89
PCOS+Clomiphene citrate
2 mg/kg
19.71 ± 2.86
3.22 ± 0.18
20.86 ± 1.83
782.5 ± 73.30##
4.14 ± 1.57
PCOS+Metformin
500 mg/kg
18.3 ± 2.34
2.93 ± 0.06
38.32 ± 3.59##
429 ± 27.99
1.49 ± 0.37###
PCOS+Aqueous extract
30 mg/kg
21.76 ± 2.52
3.03 ± 0.07
17.59 ± 1.89
521 ± 84.79
4.05 ± 1.87#
PCOS+Aqueous extract
60 mg/kg
12.58 ± 1.30###
3.10 ± 0.05
43.61 ± 4.38###
608.5 ± 64.45##
1.92 ± 0.27##
PCOS+Aqueous extract
120 mg/kg
6.8 ± 1.39###
3.13 ± 0.10
30.60 ± 1.39
225.5 ± 35.25
1.53 ± 0.34###
PCOS+Methanolic extract
30 mg/kg
9.87 ± 0.29###
3.30 ± 0.07
23.87 ± 4.33
191.25 ± 4.87
1.70 ± 0.34###
PCOS+Methanolic extract
60 mg/kg
14.17 ± 1.63###
2.97 ± 0.11
36.32 ± 3.62##
363.75 ± 68.93
1.54 ± 0.36###
PCOS+Methanolic extract
120 mg/kg
9.51 ± 0.14###
3.05 ± 0.02
30.22 ± 3.96
275 ± 9.78
3.02 ± 0.11#
The values are expressed as mean ± SEM; number of rats per group=6. PCOS: polycystic ovarian syndrome. p < 0.05; p < 0.01; p < 0.001: significantly different compared with control. #p<0.05; ##p <0.01; ###p <0.001: significantly different compared with PCOS rats treated with distilled water.