Research Article

Phyllanthus muellerianus (Euphorbiaceae) Restores Ovarian Functions in Letrozole-Induced Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome in Rats

Table 4

Effects of clomiphene citrate, metformin, aqueous and methanolic extracts of P. mullerianus on plasmatic LH, FSH, progesterone, estradiol, and testosterone levels after 7 and 14 days of treatment.

GroupsDosesLH FSH Progesterone Estradiol Testosterone
(ng/ml)(ng/ml)(ng/ml)(ng/ml)(ng/ml)

Control10 ml/kg7.79 ± 0.643.15 ± 0.0356.15 ± 1.82995 ± 195.171.30 ± 0.33

7 days

PCOS+Distilled water10 ml/kg24.72 ± 0.813.28 ± 0.1116.65 ± 1.14169 ± 20.987.54 ± 1.31
PCOS+Clomiphene citrate2 mg/kg17.98 ± 1.623.26 ± 0.0316.71 ± 1.76858.75 ± 45.24###4.95 ± 0.36
PCOS+Metformin500 mg/kg13.04 ± 0.83###3.31 ± 0.1632.86 ± 3.1#645 ± 85.51###1.85 ± 0.33##
PCOS+Aqueous extract30 mg/kg14.71 ± 1.21###3.34 ± 0.1037.39 ± 2.44###332.5 ± 20.235.59 ± 1.10
PCOS+Aqueous extract60 mg/kg11.86 ± 0.94###3.37 ± 0.0544.56 ± 4.13###648.5 ± 108.98##2.61 ± 0.71#
PCOS+Aqueous extract120 mg/kg9.58 ± 0.13###3.41 ± 0.0217.56 ± 2.12306.5 ± 12.163.16 ± 0.67#
PCOS+Methanolic extract30 mg/kg9.25 ± 0.32###3.23 ± 0.1319.82 ± 2.24273.5 ± 8.426.45 ± 1.30
PCOS+Methanolic extract60 mg/kg9.77 ± 0.36###2.97 ± 0.0229.15 ± 1.09415.75 ± 38.012.17 ± 0.32##
PCOS+Methanolic extract120 mg/kg11.84 ± 1.34###3.29 ± 0.1216.65 ± 1.78335 ± 21.203.15 ± 0.76#

14 days

PCOS+Distilled water10 ml/kg22.62 ± 2.122.98 ± 0.0515.74 ± 2.46294.75 ± 12.298.62 ± 0.89
PCOS+Clomiphene citrate2 mg/kg19.71 ± 2.863.22 ± 0.1820.86 ± 1.83782.5 ± 73.30##4.14 ± 1.57
PCOS+Metformin500 mg/kg18.3 ± 2.342.93 ± 0.0638.32 ± 3.59##429 ± 27.991.49 ± 0.37###
PCOS+Aqueous extract30 mg/kg21.76 ± 2.523.03 ± 0.0717.59 ± 1.89521 ± 84.794.05 ± 1.87#
PCOS+Aqueous extract60 mg/kg12.58 ± 1.30###3.10 ± 0.0543.61 ± 4.38###608.5 ± 64.45##1.92 ± 0.27##
PCOS+Aqueous extract120 mg/kg6.8 ± 1.39###3.13 ± 0.1030.60 ± 1.39225.5 ± 35.251.53 ± 0.34###
PCOS+Methanolic extract30 mg/kg9.87 ± 0.29###3.30 ± 0.0723.87 ± 4.33191.25 ± 4.871.70 ± 0.34###
PCOS+Methanolic extract60 mg/kg14.17 ± 1.63###2.97 ± 0.1136.32 ± 3.62##363.75 ± 68.931.54 ± 0.36###
PCOS+Methanolic extract120 mg/kg9.51 ± 0.14###3.05 ± 0.0230.22 ± 3.96275 ± 9.783.02 ± 0.11#

The values are expressed as mean ± SEM; number of rats per group=6. PCOS: polycystic ovarian syndrome. p < 0.05; p < 0.01; p < 0.001: significantly different compared with control. #p<0.05; ##p <0.01; ###p <0.001: significantly different compared with PCOS rats treated with distilled water.