Comparison of Magnetic Auriculotherapy, Laser Auriculotherapy and Their Combination for Treatment of Insomnia in the Elderly: A Double-Blinded Randomised Trial
Table 4
Change in different outcome variables over time for individual groups using generalized estimating equations.
Post-hoc analyses ◈▾
(1) vs (2)
(1) vs (3)
(1) vs (4)
(1) vs (5)
β (95% CI)
p-value
β (95% CI)
-value
β (95% CI)
p-value
β (95% CI)
p-value
Group 1 Placebo LAT & MAT (=50)
PSQI (0-21, total)
-3.21 (-4.56, -1.87)
0.000
-3.61 (-4.83, -2.38)
0.000
-3.56 (-5.28, -1.83)
0.000
-4.47 (-5.95. -3.00)
0.000
Sleep latency (minutes)
-1.53 (-8.97, 5.92)
0.688
-7.47 (-16.74, 1.81)
0.115
-8.83 (-17.48, -0.18)
0.045
-7.16 (-19.08, 4.75)
0.239
Total sleep time (hours)
-0.01 (-0.59, 0.58)
0.989
-0.12 (-0.69, 0.45)
0.681
-0.27 (-1.39, 0.86)
0.642
-0.01 (-1.12, 1.09)
0.985
Wake after sleep onset (minutes)
-22.87 (-38.01, -7.74)
0.003
-40.87 (-63.38, -18.36)
0.000
-41.49 (-74,47, -8.52)
0.014
-43.51 (-77.26, -9.76)
0.012
Sleep efficiency (%)
5.94 (2.12, 9.76)
0.002
5.22 (1.36, 9.09)
0.008
8.98 (3.07, 14.90)
0.003
3.68 (-5.99, 13.35)
0.455
SF12 (PCS)
3.59 (1.09, 6.09)
0.005
4.16 (1.06, 7.27)
0.009
4.68 (1.64, 7.72)
0.003
5.38 (2.58, 8.19)
0.000
SF12 (MCS)
3.85 (0.29, 7.41)
0.034
2.98 (0.61, 6.57)
0.103
0.06 (-4.76, 4.88)
0.980
3.65 (-0.83, 8.12)
0.110
PHQ-9 (0-27)
-3.22 (-4.73, -1.71)
0.000
-2.65 (-4.63, -0.66)
0.009
-2.94 (-5.17, -0.71)
0.010
-4.75 (-6.69, -2.82)
0.000
Group 2 LAT & placebo MAT (n=46)
PSQI (0-21, total)
-2.99 (-3.96, -2.02)
0.000
-3.66 (-5.26, -2.05)
0.000
-5.09 (-6.85, -3.33)
0.000
-4.94 (-6.60, -3.28)
0.000
Sleep latency (minutes)
-4.16 (-11.78, 3.46)
0.284
-2.59 (-11.15, 5.96)
0.552
-7.87 (-16.82, 1.08)
0.085
-5,74 (-18.18, 6.71)
0.366
Total sleep time (hours)
0.30 (-0.47, 1.08)
0.444
0.15 (-0.61, 0.92)
0.695
0.51 (-0.61, 1.62)
0.375
0.67 (-0.64, 1.97)
0.316
Wake after sleep onset (minutes)
-18.91 (-40.04, 2.23)
0.080
-29.11 (-57.49, -0.72)
0.044
-15.76 (-70.40, 38.88)
0.572
-9.64 (-74.21, 54.94)
0.770
Sleep efficiency (%)
2.88 (-1.03, 6.78)
0.148
2.08 (-2.72, 6.89)
0.396
3.96 (-4.62, 12.53)
0.366
3.31 (-7.32, 13.95)
0.542
SF12 (PCS)
1.28 (-1.44, 4.00)
0.357
0.74 (-1.91, 3.39)
0.585
4.37 (1.21, 7.53)
0.007
4.12 (0.75, 7.49)
0.017
SF12 (MCS)
1.58 (-1.68, 4.85)
0.341
5.12 (1.99, 8.25)
0.001
5.54 (0.48, 10.61)
0.032
6.47 (1.55, 11.39)
0.010
PHQ-9 (0-27)
-2.72 (-4.06, -1.38)
0.000
-2.99 (-4.31, -1.67)
0.000
-3.80 (-5.92, -1.69)
0.000
-3.66 (-5.91, -1.41)
0.001
Group 3 Combined AT (n=51)
PSQI (0-21, total)
-3.86 (-4.91, -2.82)
0.000
-3.08 (-4.20, -1.95)
0.000
-3.28 (-4.57, -2.00)
0.000
-3.88 (-5.18. 2.58)
0.000
Sleep latency (minutes)
0.70 (-6.47, 7.88)
0.848
-1.80 (-8.70, 5.10)
0.610
-1.58 (-12.82, 9.67)
0.784
-6.40 (-17.34, 4.54)
0.251
Total sleep time (hours)
0.35 (-0.46, 1.16)
0.399
0.24 (-0.52, 1.00)
0.535
-0.23 (-0.99, 0.52)
0.543
0.10 (-1.00, 1.21)
0.858
Wake after sleep onset (minutes)
-22.49 (-40.86, -4.12)
0.016
-25.98 (-49.25, -2.72)
0.029
-24.43 (-58.62, 9.76)
0.161
-26.74 (-60.49, 7.01)
0.120
Sleep efficiency (%)
8.16 (1.18, 13.14)
0.001
3.87 (-1.18, 8.91)
0.133
8.12 (0.80, 15.44)
0.030
9.49 (2.31, 16,68)
0.010
SF12 (PCS)
1.32 (-1.01, 3.64)
0.268
-1.31 (-4.45, 1.82)
0.413
-0.35 (-3.67, 2.98)
0.839
0.35 (-4.40, 5.10)
0.886
SF12 (MCS)
4.52 (1.46, 7.59)
0.004
7.10 (3.52, 10.67)
0.000
4.50 (0.55, 8.45)
0.026
5.00 (0.18, 9.82)
0.042
PHQ-9 (0-27)
-2.94 (-4.35, -1.53)
0.000
-4.40 (-5.97, -2.83)
0.000
-2.85 (-5.10, -0.59)
0.013
-3.71 (-5.89, -1.54)
0.001
SE, standard error; CI, confidence interval. ◈Timepoints: (1) = baseline, (2) = postintervention, (3) = 6-week follow up, (4) = 3-month follow up, and (5) = 6-month follow-up. ▾Adjusted for age. PSQI = Pittsburgh sleep quality index. SF-12 (PCS): physical component score. SF-12 (MCS): mental component score. PHQ-9: Patient Health Questionnaire. Statistically significant at P< 0.05. Statistically significant at P<0.01. Statistically significant at P<0.001.
