Nimbolide Represses the Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion of Bladder Carcinoma Cells via Chk2-Mediated G2/M Phase Cell Cycle Arrest, Altered Signaling Pathways, and Reduced Transcription Factors-Associated MMP-9 Expression

Figure 4

Nimbolide induces JNK phosphorylation and inhibits p38MAPK and AKT phosphorylation in bladder cancer cells. Both EJ and 5637 cells were treated with the indicated concentrations of nimbolide for 12 h. Cell lysates were prepared and the expression levels of proteins were determined via immunoblotting by employing specific antibodies against ERK1/2, p38MAPK, JNK, and AKT. The relative level of the phosphorylated to the unphosphorylated form was evaluated and represented as a fold change in comparison with the control. Each value was expressed as the mean ± SD of three independent experiments; P < 0.05, compared with the control group.