Phytomedicines Used for Diabetes Mellitus in Ghana: A Systematic Search and Review of Preclinical and Clinical Evidence

Table 6

Plant bioactive constituents used experimentally in diabetes mellitus.

Scientific name	Part used	Active ingredient	Reference
Adenia lobata	Stem bark	Palmitic acid	[109]
Allium cepa	Bulb	Allyl propyl disulphide	[17]
Allium sativum	Bulbs	Allyl propyl disulphide, allicin	[110]
Aloe barbadensis	Leaf	Lophenol, 24-methyl lophenol 24-methylene cycloartenol, Cycloartenol, 24-ethyl lophenol	[111]
Azadirachta indica	Leaves, flowers & seed	Nimbidin, β-sitosterol	[17]
Cassia auriculata	Flower	β-sitosterol	[67, 112]
Cinnamomum zeylanicum	Bark	Cinnamaldehyde, eugenol	[113]
Costus afer Ker Gawl	Whole plant	Diosgenin	[114]
Mangifera indica	Leaf, stem bark, fruit	Mangiferin	[85]
Momordica charantia	Leaves, whole plant, fruit	Charantin, momordicin, Oleanolic acid, vicine	[115]
Scoparia dulcis	Whole plant	Apigenin, luteolin, scoparic acid D coxicol, glutinol	[17, 116]
Zingiber officinale	Bulb	Gingerol	[117]