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| Study (year) | Intervention | Control | Results | AMSTAR Score |
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| Coyle et al. [17] (2012) | Moxibustion
Moxibustion in combination with postural techniques
Moxibustion in combination with postural techniques | Moxibustion
Acupuntura
Buttocks
Knee-chest position | Moxibustion produces fewer noncephalic presentations at birth compared with acupuncture (RR 0.25, 95% CI 0.09 to 0.72)
The combination of acupuncture and moxibustion is effective for cephalic version at birth (RR 0.73, 95% CI 0.57 to 0.94) and has fewer cesarean births (RR 0.79, 95% CI: 0.64 to 0.98)
Moxibustion combined with postural techniques resulted in fewer noncephalic presentations at birth (RR 0.26, 95% CI 0.12–0.56) | 11/11 |
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| Li et al. [20] (2009) | Moxibustion
Acupuncture
Electroacupuncture
Laser stimulation
Ear acupuncture | No treatment
No treatment or knee-chest position
Knee-chest position
Raising buttocks method
Knee-chest position plus pelvis rotating | Meta-analysis showed significant differences between moxibustion and no treatment (RR 1.35, 95% CI 120–155, 3 RCT)
Moxibustion compared to the knee-chest position did not show significant differences (RR 1.30, 95% CI 0.95 to 1.79, 3 RCT)
Moxibustion plus other therapeutic methods showed significant beneficial effects (RR 1.36, 95% CI 1.21–1.54, 2 RCT)
Laser stimulation was more effective than the thorax-knee position plus pelvis rotation
Moxibustion was more effective than other treatments (RR 1.29, 95% CI 1.17–1.42, 2 CCT) with the exception of the knee-knee treatment (RR 1.22, 95% CI 1.11–1.34, 2 CCT)
Laser stimulation in Zhiyin (BL 67) was more effective than treatment with the knee-chest position (RR 1.30, 95% CI 1.10–1.54, 2 CCT) | 7/11 |
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| Van den Berg et al. [18] (2008) | Moxibustion
Moxibustion in combination with acupuncture
Electroacupuncture stimulation | Does not specify | The pooled RCTs demonstrated a significant effect from the intervention, the proportion of breech presentations in the intervention group was 34% versus 66% in the control group (OR 0.25, 95% CI 0.11–0.58)
In the pooled controlled cohort series, the proportion of breech presentations in the intervention group was 15% (n = 347) versus 36% in the control group (n = 459) (OR 0.29, 95% CI 0.19–0.43)
Combining all studies, the proportion of breech presentations in the intervention group was 28% (n = 768) versus 56% in the control group (n = 856) (OR 0.27, 95% CI 0.15–0.46) | 9/11 |
| Vaset al. [19] (2009) | Moxibustion
Acupuncture
Postural methods
Version cephalic extern | Observation
Knee-chest position
Bilateral acupuncture at BL 67 | Moxibustion (alone or in association with acupuncture or postural measures) with mere observation or postural measurements showed a high degree of heterogeneity and a cephalic version rate in the moxibustion group of 72.5% vs. 53.2% in the control group (RR, 1.36, 95% CI, 1.17–1.58)
An analysis was carried out to compare moxibustion and acupuncture, with a single study available that reported a cephalic version rate of 80% in the moxibustion group vs. 28% in the acupuncture group (RR, 4.0; 95%, 1.13–14.17) | 9/11 |
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| Zhang et al. [21] (2013) | Moxibustion
Knee-chest therapy | Knee-chest therapy
Observation
Usual antenatal care for
Expectant management | The meta-analysis of 4 studies showed encouraging effects in favor of moxibustion in cephalic presentation at delivery (excluding ECV) (RR 1.29, 95% CI, 1.22–1.49)
The same findings were applied to cephalic presentation after cessation of treatment when moxibustion (alone or combined with postural techniques) was compared with observation or postural technique (RR 1.36, 95% CI, 1.42–1.86) | 11/11 |
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