Various Parts of Helianthus annuus Plants as New Sources of Antimalarial Drugs

Table 5

Results of heme detoxification inhibition assay of the 96% ethanol extract of each part of the H. annuus plant.

Sample	Concentration (mg/mL)	Mean value of hematin (mM)	Mean % inhibition	IC50 (mg/mL)
Negative control	—	121.0 ± 2.6	—	—
96% ethanol extract of root	2.00	34.2 ± 1.2	71.7 ± 1.0	0.4 ± 0.0
	1.00	44.6 ± 1.2	63.1 ± 1.0
	0.50	58.3 ± 1.1	51.8 ± 0.9
	0.25	67.6 ± 1.3	44.1 ± 1.1
	0.10	81.8 ± 1.3	32.3 ± 1.1
	0.01	99.8 ± 2.2	17.5 ± 1.8
96% ethanol extract of seed	2.00	61.6 ± 1.4	49.1 ± 1.1	2.4 ± 0.2
	1.00	71.0 ± 1.2	41.3 ± 1.0
	0.50	84.9 ± 3.3	29.8 ± 2.8
	0.25	97.3 ± 2.3	19.6 ± 1.9
	0.10	105.5 ± 1.3	12.8 ± 1.1
	0.01	114.1 ± 1.8	5.7 ± 1.5
96% ethanol extract of flower	2.00	46.8 ± 1.1	61.4 ± 0.9	0.9 ± 0.1
	1.00	55.7 ± 1.3	53.9 ± 1.1
	0.50	68.4 ± 0.9	43.4 ± 0.7
	0.25	81.8 ± 0.9	32.4 ± 0.7
	0.10	89.8 ± 0.9	25.8 ± 0.8
	0.01	99.3 ± 1.2	17.9 ± 1.0
96% ethanol extract of leaf	2.00	38.6 ± 0.9	68.1 ± 0.7	0.5 ± 0.0
	1.00	48.9 ± 0.8	59.6 ± 0.7
	0.50	62.0 ± 1.1	48.7 ± 0.9
	0.25	75.5 ± 1.4	37.6 ± 1.1
	0.10	83.5 ± 0.6	31.0 ± 0.5
	0.01	98.1 ± 0.9	18.9 ± 0.7
96% ethanol extract of stem	2.00	140.1 ± 9.2	53.7 ± 3.1	1.9 ± 0.5
	1.00	179.8 ± 5.6	40.6 ± 1.8
	0.50	206.3 ± 8.3	31.8 ± 2.8
	0.25	241.8 ± 3.6	20.1 ± 1.2
	0.10	264.7 ± 3.6	12.5 ± 1.2
	0.01	288.0 ± 5.5	4.8 ± 1.8
Chloroquine diphosphate	2.00	40.4 ± 2.1	66.6 ± 1.7	0.6 ± 0.0
	1.00	50.9 ± 0.6	57.9 ± 0.5
	0.50	64.3 ± 0.9	46.8 ± 0.7
	0.25	77.0 ± 0.8	36.3 ± 0.7
	0.10	85.3 ± 1.2	29.4 ± 1.0
	0.01	94.6 ± 0.7	21.8 ± 0.6