The Combination of Mulberry Extracts and Silk Amino Acids Alleviated High Fat Diet-Induced Nonalcoholic Hepatic Steatosis by Improving Hepatic Insulin Signaling and Normalizing Gut Microbiome Dysbiosis in Rats
Table 2
Energy metabolism and mulberry and silk amino acid intake.
Normal-control (n=10)
Disease-control (n=10)
MS1:3-L (n=10)
MS1:3-H (n=10)
MS1:5-L (n=10)
MS1:5-H (n=10)
Body weight at 6 weeks (g)
451 ± 26
453 ± 31
458 ± 16
454 ± 25
451 ± 26
455 ± 17
Body weight at 12 weeks (g)
474 ± 35
553 ± 33
530 ± 33
523 ± 36
515 ± 29
509 ± 24
Weight gain during 6-12 weeks (g)
23.3 ± 1.8
100.5 ± 5.6
72.4 ± 4.2
69.2 ± 4.5
64.2 ± 4.3
56.6 ± 4.5
Epididymal fat pads (g)
6.7 ± 1.2
9.9 ± 0.9
10.1 ± 0.9
9.2 ± 1.4
8.5 ± 0.9
7.3 ± 1.1
Retroperitoneal fat (g)
9.0 ± 1.3
13.5 ± 1.8
12.6 ± 0.8
12.2 ± 1.3
11.9 ± 1.4
9.8 ± 1.2
Caloric intake (kcal/day)
86.8 ± 6.9
108 ± 6.9
106 ± 8.6
105 ± 8.0
103 ± 7.7
106 ± 8.4
MB intake (mg/kg bw/ day)
0 ± 0
0 ± 0
63.4 ± 4.7
193 ± 15
39.6 ± 3.3
119 ± 9.0
SA intake (mg/kg/ bw/day)
0 ± 0
0 ± 0
127 ± 9.1
386 ± 27
160 ± 13
475 ± 35
Liver weight (weight %)
4.4 ± 0.3
5.8 ± 0.4
5.5 ± 0.3
5.4 ± 0.2
5.2 ± 0.2
5.1 ± 0.2
Values are means ± standard deviation. Rats consumed high fat diets containing 0.2% (low dosage, -L) and 0.6% (high dosage, -H) of the mixture of mulberry extracts and silk amino acid (MS) and 0.6% cellulose (disease-control) for 12 weeks. MS1:3 and MS1:5 mixture contained 1:3 and 1:5 of mulberry extracts and silk amino acid, respectively. Sham rats were fed the same diet with the disease-control group as the normal-control. Means on the same row with different letters were significantly different by Tukey test at p < 0.05.
