Galphimia glauca and Natural Galphimines Block Schizophrenia-Like Symptoms Induced with Apomorphine and MK-801 in Mice

Table 2

Effects of the oral administration of the methanolic extract of Galphimia glauca (GgMeOH, 25 mg/kg), the Galphimine-Rich Fraction (GRF), and the different galphimines (G-A, G-B, and G-E) on mice with schizophrenic-like symptoms induced by the chronic administration of MK-801 evaluated by means of the Open field test (OFT) for 30 min.

Treatments; (mg/kg)	Total Crossings	Rearing	Stereotyped Behaviors	Grooming	Time Spent on Grooming; (sec)
VEH	385 ± 11.1	252 ± 8.0	0 ± 0.0	24 ± 0.8	236 ± 6.9
MK-801 (0.5)	183 ± 7.2	72 ± 5.2	9 ± 0.8	16 ± 1.8	424 ± 11.5
NMDA (1.0)	180 ± 11.0	78 ± 9.3	3 ± 0.6	18 ± 1.3	549 ± 15.1
OLZ (1.0)	100 ± 6.8	25 ± 3.5	1 ± 0.2	7 ± 0.7	160 ± 6.8
GgMeOH (25.0)	241 ± 13.5	71 ± 5.5	4 ± 0.3	13 ± 0.5	371 ± 12.2
GRF (5.0)	223 ± 10.5	89 ± 6.6	3 ± 0.3	17 ± 0.7	103 ± 10.8
G-A (5.0)	331 ± 11.3	99 ± 8.0	4 ± 0.4	16 ± 2.0	295 ± 11.1
G-B (5.0)	232 ± 13.2	98 ± 8.0	3 ± 0.3	13 ± 1.2	414 ± 9.7
G-E (5.0)	229 ± 11.1	93 ± 9.0	2 ± 0.2	20 ± 1.1	392 ± 15.3

Total crossings, rearings, stereotyped behaviors and grooming bouts, time spent grooming (seconds). MK-801; Vehicle (VEH) = mice with Tween 20 1%; OLZ = Olanzapine; GgMeOH = methanolic extract from Galphimia glauca; GRF = Galphimine-Rich Fraction. ANOVA, Dunnett post-hoc test. Results are means ± Standard Error (SEM). indicates a significant difference from MK-801 at a significance threshold of p<0.05. total crossings = (FD = 9, F (77.65) 2.10, p = 0.0001), rearing = (FD = 9, F (67.26) 2.10, p = 0.0001), grooming = (FD = 9, F (14.23) 2.10, p = 0.0001), time spent on grooming = (FD = 9, F (627.9) 2.25, p = 0.0001).