Cytotoxicity of Crude Extract and Isolated Constituents of the Dichrostachys cinerea Bark towards Multifactorial Drug-Resistant Cancer Cells

Table 1

Cytotoxicity of crude extract, compounds isolated from Dichrostachys cinerea and doxorubicin in multifactorial drug-sensitive and -resistant cancer cells lines and normal cells following the resazurin assay with 72 h incubation.

Cell lines	Samples, IC50values and degrees of resistance or selectivity index (in bracket)
	Crude extract	Isolated compound				Doxorubicin
	DCB	1	2	3	4
CCRF-CEM	5.69 ± 1.34	8.80 ± 0.35	>100	31.18 ± 0.98	18.90 ± 1.54	0.02±0.00
CEM/ADR5000; Degree of resistance	4.13 ± 0.71; (0.73)	7.65 ± 1.46; (0.87)	>100	124.21 ± 20.16; (3.98)	38.82 ± 2.13; (2.05)	122.96±10.94; (6,683.00)
MDA-MB-231-pcDNA	44.72 ± 2.05	38.83 ± 0.94	>100	75.55 ± 5.16	45.75 ± 4.76	0.13±0.01
MDA-MB-231-BCRP; Degree of resistance	64.03 ± 2.72; (1.43)	24.91 ± 1.2; (0.64)	>100	80.00 ± 1.61; (1.06)	40.46 ± 3.90; (0.88)	0.79±0.08; (6.14)
HCT116(p53^+/+)	>80	31.46 ± 0.49	>100	>100	48.86 ± 5.35	0.48±0.06
HCT116(p53^-/-); Degree of resistance	70.37 ±9.14; (<0.87)	17.07 ± 0.70; (0.54)	>100	66.30 ± 5.67; (<0.66)	48.62 ± 3.82; (1.00)	1.78±0.08; (3.73)
U87MG	>80	24.91 ± 0.33	>100	61.30 ± 5.87	43.86 ± 8.19	0.26±0.03
U87MG.ΔEGFR; Degree of resistance	54.65 ± 6.26; (<0.68)	13.92 ± 1.06; (0.56)	>100	53.78 ± 6.10; (0.88)	44.57 ± 2.56; (1.02)	0.98±0.07; (3.79)
HepG2	>80	44.17± 3.15	>100	48.58 ± 7.09	34.02 ± 2.95	4.56±0.48
AML12; Selectivity index	>80	>93.90; (>2.13)	>100	>100	53.94 ± 11.22; (1.59)	52.90±4.09; (11.59)

(): the degree of resistance was determined as the ratio of value in the resistant divided by the in the sensitive cell line; CEM/ADR5000, MDA-MB-231-BCRP, HCT116 (p53^-/-), and U87MG.ΔEGFR were used as the corresponding resistant counterparts for CCRF-CEM, MDA-MB-231-pcDNA, HCT116 (p53^+/+), and U87MG, respectively; (): the selectivity index was determined as the ratio of value in the normal AML12 hepatocytes divided by the in HepG2 hepatocarcinoma cells. In bold: significant cytotoxic effect [4, 11, 12]; (): values in μg/mL; (): values in μM; (nd): not determined;1: betulinic acid; 2: glyceryl-1-hexacosanoate; 3: 7-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4H-chromen-4-one; and 4: 6-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4H-chromen-4-one.