The Effect of Mind-Body Therapies on Insomnia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Table 2

Comparison of outcome measures between MBTs and inactive control conditions.

Sleep parameters	Studies	SMDs (95% CI)	p-value		p-value
	(n)		(overall effect)	Value (%)	(heterogeneity)
PSQI	24	-0.58 (-0.79, -0.36)	<0.001	85.6%	<0.001
Meditation	5	-1.06 (-1.96, -0.17)	0.020	93.1%	<0.001
Tai Chi	4	-0.55 (-1.23, 0.13)	0.116	87.7%	<0.001
Qigong	4	-0.61 (-1.20, -0.03)	0.039	87.1%	<0.001
Yoga	10	-0.39 (-0.59, -0.18)	<0.001	65.6%	0.002
ISI	5	-0.36 (-0.56, -0.15)	0.001	0.00%	0.838
Objective-SE	3	0.20 (-0.13, 0.52)	0.232	51.4%	0.041
Objective-SOL	4	-0.03 (-0.20, 0.14)	0.728	0.0%	0.513
Objective-TST	3	0.19 (-0.07, 0.45)	0.156	0.0%	0.419
Objective-WASO	4	0.07 (-0.50, 0.63)	0.816	87.3%	<0.001
Self-reported-SE	1	0.67 (-0.18, 1.52)	0.123	—	—
Self-reported-SOL	3	-0.44 (-0.77, -0.11)	0.008	7.0%	0.341
Self-reported-TST	3	0.49 (-0.11, 1.09)	0.106	64.8%	0.058
Self-reported-WASO	1	-0.47 (-1.31,0.37)	0.270	—	—

Note. Bold data indicate significant effect size.