Analgesic Effects of Cnidium officinale Extracts on Postoperative, Neuropathic, and Menopausal Pain in Rat Models

Figure 4

Reduced pain sensitivity by application of ferulic acid in a postoperative pain model. (a) Compared with the nontreated group, the group treated with ferulic acid showed a significantly higher mechanical withdrawal threshold (a) and less USV calls (b) at both 5 and 24 hours after surgery in a dose-dependent manner. Naproxen (30 mg/kg, n = 9) was used as the positive control analgesic. Data are the means ± SEM (n = 9 per group). The asterisks indicate significant difference from the control group,   p < 0.01 and   p < 0.001.

(a)

(b)