Bioaccessibility and Pharmacokinetics of a Commercial Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) Extract

Table 2

Bioactive molecules content expressed as percentage (%, dry basis) found in affron® before and after in vitro digestion process at salivary, gastric, and duodenal steps.

Bioactive components	Initial sample	Digested sample			Bioaccessibility
		Salivary	Gastric	Duodenal
Safranal	0.04 ± 0.01^a	0.03 ± 0.00^a	0.21 ± 0.01^c	0.08 ± 0.01^b	200.00
t-crocin-4	1.66 ± 0.04^b	1.11 ± 0.43^b	0.26 ± 0.03^a	0.20 ± 0.04^a	12.05
Total crocins	3.63 ± 0.05^b	3.43 ± 0.12^b	1.87 ± 0.35^a	1.48 ± 0.22^a	40.77
Kaempferol diglucoside	0.13 ± 0.01^b,c	0.14 ± 0.01^c	0.12 ± 0.01^b	0.09 ± 0.01^a	69.23
Picrocrocin	3.21 ± 0.07^c	3.14 ± 0.11^c	2.07 ± 0.02^a	2.61 ± 0.05^b	81.31
Crocetin	0.03 ± 0.01^a	0.02 ± 0.01^a	0.03 ± 0.01^a	0.02 ± 0.01^a	66.67

Data are represented as mean ± SD. Different letters within a column (a–c) indicate significant differences of the bioactive component of affron® in every step during the digestion process.