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Extract | Doses | Model of study | Effects | Reference |
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Hydroethanolic | 160 μg/ml | Lymphocyte | Increased IL-4, IL-10, IFN-γ, IFN-γ/il-4, and IL-10/il-4 ratios | [68] |
Aqueous extract | 100 μg/ml | Vascular endothelial cells | Decreased mRNA expressions of MCP-1 and IL-8 | [69] |
Ethanol | 200 μg/ml | RAW 264.7 cells | Decreased TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 | [70] |
POL-P3b | (250 μg/ml) | DCs | Increased IL-12 and IL-10 | [71] |
Polysaccharide | 600 μg/ml, p.o. | Rat | Increased T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes | [72] |
Polysaccharide | Unknown | Mice | Showed preventive effect on reduction of the spleen weight and the number of murine spleen T cells | [73] |
Boiled extract | 0.25 mg/kg | Asthmatic patients | Increased measured PFTs | [76] |
Aqueous extracts | 0.06, 0.12 and 0.25 mg/ml | Tracheal chains of guinea pig | Showed stimulatory effect on β-adrenoceptor | [77] |
Hydroethanolic | 0.25, 0.50 and 1.00 mg/ml | Guinea pigs tracheal smooth muscles | Showed blocking effects of muscarinic receptor | [78] |
Ethanolic extract | (250 μg/ml) | Mice | Reduced intestinal motility | [83] |
Aqueous extract | (300 mg/kg/day, po) | Mice aortic tissue | Suppressed overexpression of (VCAM) -1, (ICAM) - 1, E-selectin and (MMP) -2 | [84] |
Aqueous extract | 600 μg/ml p.o. | Isolated guinea pig ileum strip | Reduced peristaltic index | [85] |
Aqueous extract | 7 × 10−4 g/ml | Guinea pig fundus, rabbit jejunum and rabbit aorta | Showed relaxant effect on smooth muscle and reduced blood pressure | [86] |
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