Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

Research Article

The Therapeutic Properties of Plants Used Traditionally to Treat Gastrointestinal Disorders on Groote Eylandt, Australia

Table 2

The MIC values (μg/mL) of the decoctions against bacteria, IC₅₀ values (μg/mL) against G. duodenalis, MS2 phage, and Caco2 and HeLa cancer cell lines, and LC₅₀ values (μg/mL) for A. franciscana nauplii and HDF bioassays.


	Bioassay		Plant species						Positive control
	Bioassay		BO	CE	ET	PC	TC	VV	Positive control

Gram-negative bacteria	A. faecalis	DD MIC	724	2850	854	1550	966	1280	0.31
	A. faecalis	LD MIC	557	1938	504	977	628	870	0.31
	A. hydrophila	DD MIC	645	3280	798	1274	858	1453	0.31
	A. hydrophila	LD MIC	387	2230	487	905	532	1090	0.31
	C. freundii	DD MIC	972	3168	1357	1260	650	1086	0.63
	C. freundii	LD MIC	603	2839	923	1285	351	900	0.63
	E. coli	DD MIC	1228	—	2463	1844	1275	2088	0.63
	E. coli	LD MIC	1151	—	1883	1438	944	1712	0.63
	S. salford	DD MIC	1056	3055	884	953	766	826	0.31
	S. salford	LD MIC	676	2627	628	1077	537	576	0.31
	S. newport	DD MIC	2280	2865	1650	1822	362	754	0.63
	S. newport	LD MIC	2029	2235	1188	1330	260	498	0.63
	S. sonnei	DD MIC	1263	2528	1050	1264	408	983	0.31
	S. sonnei	LD MIC	973	1770	704	860	258	600	0.31
	Y. enterocolitica	DD MIC	1358	—	1142	1679	985	1033	0.63
	Y. enterocolitica	LD MIC	1032	—	834	1847	713	846	0.63

Gram-positive bacteria	B. cereus	DD MIC	1287	—	852	—	710	1055	0.31
	B. cereus	LD MIC	940	—	699	—	440	1013	0.31
	B. subtilis	DD MIC	1532	—	1146	—	1050	942	0.63
	B. subtilis	LD MIC	1551	—	1042	—	872	688	0.63
	C. perfringens	DD MIC	1033	—	1462	—	785	1104	0.63
	C. perfringens	LD MIC	806	—	1257	—	527	751	0.63
	S. aureus	DD MIC	885	1066	750	1426	435	688	0.31
	S. aureus	LD MIC	788	906	510	1255	296	482	0.31
	S. epidermidis	DD MIC	573	927	776	1232	326	506	0.31
	S. epidermidis	LD MIC	378	853	636	1060	231	349	0.31
	S. pyogenes	DD MIC	826	1850	983	1363	785	887	0.63
	S. pyogenes	LD MIC	686	1817	826	1063	573	585	0.63

Antiprotozoal and antiviral activity	Giardia duodenalis IC₅₀		WND	WND	WND	WND	WND	WND	22
Antiprotozoal and antiviral activity	MS2 phage IC50		2238	WND	1140	WND	427	2950	595

Anticancer activity	Caco2 cells IC₅₀		—	WND	WND	WND	885	WND	65
Anticancer activity	HeLa cells IC₅₀		—	450	588	WND	85	126	82

Toxicity	Artemia franciscana nauplii 24 h LC₅₀		NA	NA	1654	NA	NA	NA	126
Toxicity	HDF toxicity		NT	NT	NT	NT	NT	NT	—

Numbers indicate the mean IC₅₀ or LC₅₀ values of three experiments performed in triplicate (n = 9). DD MIC = minimum inhibitory concentration determined by the disc diffusion assay; LD MIC = minimum inhibitory concentration determined by the liquid dilution assay; — indicates no significant growth inhibition/brine shrimp mortality; NA indicates that the extract was not significantly different from the negative control at any concentration tested; therefore, an IC₅₀ value was not able to be determined; WND indicates IC₅₀ was not determined as the amount of live Giardia did not reach ≤50 % at any concentration tested; NT = not toxic; BO = B. obovata decoction; CE = C. equisetifolia decoction; ET = E. tetrodonta decoction; PC = P. careya decoction; TC = T. carpentariae decoction; VV = V. vexillata extract. Positive controls used for the antibacterial, Giardia, MS2 phage, cancer proliferation, and toxicity assays were gentamicin, metronidazole, C. sinensis, cisplatin, and potassium dichromate, respectively.