The Effect of Foot Massage on Pain of the Intensive Care Patients: A Parallel Randomized Single-Blind Controlled Trial

Table 4

Adjustment for multiple comparisons using Bonferroni for the comparison of pain within the family-based massage group, nurse-based massage group, and control at different times.

Group	Time (I)	Time (J)	Mean difference (I − J)	Standard error	value	95% confidence interval for difference
Family-based massage group	Before	Immediately after intervention	0.84	0.24	0.001	0.27–1.41
		One week after the intervention	1.12	0.24	<0.001	0.55–1.69
	Immediately after intervention	One week after the intervention	0.28	0.24	0.70	−0.29–0.85
Nurse-based massage group	Before	Immediately after intervention	1.88	0.24	<0.001	1.31–2.45
		One week after the intervention	1.80	0.24	<0.001	1.23–2.37
	Immediately after intervention	One week after the intervention	−0.08	0.24	>0.99	−0.65–0.49
Control group	Before	Immediately after intervention	0.08	0.24	>0.99	−0.49–0.65
		One week after the intervention	0.28	0.24	0.70	−0.29–0.85
	Immediately after intervention	One week after the intervention	0.20	0.24	>0.99	−0.37–0.77