The Effect of Foot Massage on Pain of the Intensive Care Patients: A Parallel Randomized Single-Blind Controlled Trial

Table 5

Adjustment for multiple comparisons using Bonferroni for the comparison of pain between the family-based massage group, nurse-based massage group, and control at different times.

Time	Group (I)	Group (J)	Mean difference (I − J)	Standard error	value	95% confidence interval for difference
Before	Family-based massage group	Nurse-based massage group	0.28	0.24	0.70	−0.85–0.29
		Control group	0.20	0.24	>0.99	−0.37–0.77
	Nurse-based massage group	Control group	0.48	0.24	0.13	−0.09–1.05
Immediately after intervention	Family-based massage group	Nurse-based massage group	0.76	0.24	0.004	0.19–1.38
		Control group	−0.56	0.24	0.05	−1.13–0.007
	Nurse-based massage group	Control group	−1.32	0.24	<0.001	−1.89 to −0.75
One week after the intervention	Family-based massage group	Nurse-based massage group	0.40	0.24	0.27	−0.17–0.97
		Control group	−0.64	0.24	0.02	−1.21 to −0.07
	Nurse-based massage group	Control group	−1.04	0.24	<0.001	−1.61 to −0.47