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| Author, year, country | Primary report | Sample size, mean age (years) | Follow-up (weeks) | Outcome measurements | Experimental group intervention (n) | Training program | Control group intervention (n) | Treatment program |
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| Li et al. (2004), USA | Healthy | 118, 75.21 | NR | PSQI | 8-form Yang style Tai Chi (n = 62) | 60 min class program, 3 times each week for 24 weeks | Low-impact exercise (n = 56) | 60 min class program, 3 times each week, for 24 weeks |
| Frye et al. (2007), USA | Healthy | 84, 69.2 | 14 | PSQI | 10-form Yang style Tai Chi (n = 31) | 60 min class program, 3 times each week for 12 weeks | No exercise (n = 23) | NR |
| Han et al. (2008), China | Healthy | 64, NR (55 years and older) | NR | PSQI | Tai Chi Ball (n = 32) | 45 min class program, 3 times each week for 36 weeks | Aerobic exercise (n = 32) | 45 min class program, 3 times each week for 36 weeks |
| Irwin et al. (2008), USA | Healthy | 112, 60.65 | 25 | PSQI | Yang style Tai Chi (n = 59) | 40 min class program, 3 times each week for 16 weeks | Health education (n = 53) | 40 min class program, 3 times each week, for 16 weeks |
| Liu et al. (2010), China | Healthy | 82, 66.03 | NR | PSQI | Yang style Tai Chi (n = 43) | 30 min class program, 5 times each week for 8 weeks | No exercise (n = 39) | NR |
| Wang et al. (2010), USA | Fibromyalgia | 66, 50.10 | 24 | PSQI | Classic Yang style Tai Chi (n = 33) | 60 min class program, 2 times per week +20 min home-based program every day, for 12 weeks | Wellness education (n = 33) | 60 min class program, 2 times each week, for 12 weeks |
| Wang et al. (2010), Japan | Stroke | 34, NR (50 years and older) | NR | PSQI | Classic Yang style Tai Chi (n = 17) | 50 min class program, 1 time each week for 12 weeks | Rehabilitation program (n = 17) | 80 min class program, 1 time each week, for 12 weeks |
| Hosseini et al. (2011), Iran | Healthy | 62, NR (65 years and older) | NR | PSQI | Yang style Tai Chi (n = 27) | 5 min at the first session and 5 min added in each following week, 3 times each week for 12 weeks | Routine daily activities (n = 29) | NR |
| Jones et al. (2012), USA | Fibromyalgia | 98, 54.00 | NR | PSQI | 8-form Yang style Tai Chi (n = 51) | 90 min class program, 2 times each week for 12 weeks | Education intervention (n = 47) | 90 min class program, 2 times each week, for 12 weeks |
| Nguyen et al. (2012), Vietnam | Healthy | 96, 68.90 | NR | PSQI | 24-form Yang style Tai Chi (n = 48) | 60 min class program, 2 times each week for 24 weeks | Routine daily activities (n = 48) | NR |
| Irwin et al. (2014), USA | Healthy | 98, 65.33 | 64 | PSQI | Yang style Tai Chi (n = 48) | 120 min class and home-based program, 1 time each week for 16 weeks | Sleep seminar education (n = 50) | 120 min class program, 1 time each week, for 16 weeks |
| Taylor-Piliae et al. (2014), USA | Stroke | 97, 69.90 | NR | PSQI | Tai Chi easy (n = 53) | 60 min class program, 3 times each week for 12 weeks | Usual care (n = 48) | Weekly phone calls, for 12 weeks |
| Larkey et al. (2015), USA | Breast cancer | 87, 58.80 | 12 | PSQI | Yang style Tai Chi (n = 42) | 30 min home-based program, 5 times each week for 12 weeks | Sham Qigong (n = 45) | 30 min home-based program, 5 times each week, for 12 weeks |
| Liu et al. (2015), China | Healthy | 84, 63.30 | NR | PSQI | Tai Chi Ball (n = 44) | 60 min class program, 3 times each week for 18 weeks | No exercise (n = 40) | NR |
| Yuan et al. (2016), China | Heart failure combined with depression | 60, 66.90 | NR | PSQI | 24-form Yang style Tai Chi (n = 32) | 30 min class program, 5 times each week for 12 weeks | Usual care (n = 30) | NR |
| Liu et al. (2016), China | Healthy | 63, 66.05 | 8 | PSQI | 24-form Yang style Tai Chi (n = 32) | 60 min class program, 5 times each week for 16 weeks | No exercise (n = 31) | NR |
| Bongi et al. (2016), Italy | Fibromyalgia | 44, 52.24 | NR | PSQI | Unreported style Tai Chi (n = 22) | 60 min class program, 2 times each week for 16 weeks | Educational Session (n = 22) | No session |
| Fan et al. (2016), China | Hemodialysis patients | 71, 51.23 | NR | PSQI | 24-form Yang style Tai Chi (n = 34) | 20 min class program, 2 times each week for the first 12 weeks and 45 min home-based program, 3 times each week for the next 12 weeks | Usual care (n = 37) | NR |
| Chen et al. (2017), China | Coronary heart disease | 115, 60.87 | NR | PSQI | 24-form Yang style Tai Chi (n = 57) | 60 min class program, 3 times each week for 12 weeks | Usual care (n = 58) | NR |
| Irwin et al. (2017), USA | Breast cancer | 90, 59.84 | 60 | PSQI, AISI | Yang style Tai Chi (n = 45) | 120 min class program, 1 time each week for 12 weeks | Cognitive behavioral therapy (n = 45) | 120 min class program, 1 time each week for 12 weeks |
| Lv et al. (2017), China | Arthritis | 46, 64.57 | NR | PSQI | 8-form Yang style Tai Chi (n = 23) | 60 min class program, 3 times each week for 24 weeks | Wellness education (n = 23) | 60 min class program, 2 times each week for 24 weeks |
| McQuade et al. (2017), USA | Prostate cancer | 52, 63.60 | 12 | PSQI, 18-item self-rated questionnaire | 8-form Yang style Tai Chi (n = 26) | 40 min class program, 1 time each week for 6 to 8 weeks | Wait list (n = 24) | NR |
| Rao et al. (2018), China | Depression | 60, 54.62 | NR | PSQI | 24-form Yang style Tai Chi (n = 30) | 60 min class program, 5 times each week for 8 weeks | Acupuncture (n = 30) | 30 min treatment, 5 times each week for 8 weeks |
| Wang et al. (2018), USA | Fibromyalgia | 111, 52.10 | 52 | PSQI | Classic Yang style Tai Chi (n = 36) | 60 min class program, 2 times each week for 24 weeks | Aerobic exercise (n = 75) | 60 min class program, 2 times each week for 24 weeks |
| Zhu et al. (2018), China | Depression | 80, NR | NR | PSQI | 24-form Yang style Tai Chi (n = 42) | 60 min class program, 5 times each week for the first 12 weeks and 60 min class program, 3 times each week for the next 12 weeks | Setting up exercises to radio music (n = 38) | 4 min and 45 s class program, 5 times each week for the first 12 weeks and 3 times each week for the next 12 weeks |
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