Effects of Massage Therapy on the Development of Babies Born with Down Syndrome

Table 3

Pretest-posttest contrast within each group and between groups for partial and global developmental quotient.

Variable	Group	Pretest; mean (SD)	Posttest mean; (SD)	Within-groups change scores		Between-groups change scores	2-by-2 mixed model
				Mean difference CI	value	Mean difference CI	Time pretest vs posttest; F; value; η^2	Main effect of group; F; value; η^2	Interaction effect; F; value η^2
Quotient of global development	Control	57.67 (16.82)	57.97 (15.66)	0.30 (-4.45; 5.05)	0.894^a	17.29 (9.19; 25.39)	F = 20.35; < 0.001; η^2 = 0.40	F = 767.84 < 0.001; η^2 = 0.96	F = 18.9< 0.001; η^2 = 0.39
	Exp	57.35 (11.42)	74.94 (10.38)	17.59 (10.59; 24.59)	< 0.001^a
Quotient of motor development	Control	58.95 (16.66)	61.03 (15.17)	2.08 (-2.24; 6.39)	0.321^a	18.32 (9.71; 26.92)	F = 28.42; < 0.001; η^2 = 0.49	F = 780.61; < 0.001; η^2 = 0.96	F = 18.88 < 0.001 η^2 = 0.39
	Exp	54.92 (12.32)	75.32 (11.15)	20.40 (12.51; 28.27)	< 0.001^a
Quotient of visual-motor coordination development	Control	57.68 (18.57)	56.96 (16.68)	-0.72 (-7.14; 5.69)	0.814^a	13.64 (3.99; 23.28)	F = 6.68; 0.015; η^2 = 0.18	F = 734.14; < 0.001; η^2 = 0.96	F = 8.35; 0.007; η^2 = 0.22
	Exp	62.61 (11.47)	75.53 (10.94)	12.92 (5.17; 20.67)	0.003^a
Quotient of language development	Control	56.97 (17.19)	60.41 (16.51)	3.44 (-1.84; 8.73)	0.185^a	13.74 (4.79; 22.67)	F = 22.22; < 0.001; η^2 = 0.43	F = 607.81; < 0.001; η^2 = 0.95	F = 9.85; 0.004; η^2 = 0.25
	Exp	59.65 (15.32)	76.83 (14.10)	17.18 (9.49; 24.87)	< 0.001^a
Quotient of social development	Control	55.86 (18.97)	53.47 (19.28)	-2.39 (-10.09; 5.31)	0.519^a	23.65 (13.45; 33.84)	F = 14.29 0.001 η^2 = 0.32	F = 494.46; < 0.001; η^2 = 0.94	F = 22.43; < 0.001; η^2 = 0.43
	Exp	50.10 (12.42)	71.36 (13.24)	21.26 (13.92; 28.59)	< 0.001^a

^aStudent’s t-test was used for related samples. SD: standard deviation. CI: confidence interval. Exp: experimental group.