| | Study ID | Treatment/No. | Control/No. | Acupoints | Stimulator parameters | No. of treatments | Outcomes | Side effects | |
| | Qiliang [20] | EA(12)
EA + celecoxib(12) | Model(10)
model + celecoxib(12) | ST36, BL60 | QID, 4/60HZ, 1 mA, 30 min/time | 10 | PWT, PWL BW | NR | > 0.05
< 0.05 | | Zhang et al. [21] | EA(7) | SEA(7) | GB30 | QD, 10 Hz/2 mA, 30 min/time | 5 | PWLIL-1β | NR | < 0.05 | | Zhang et al. [23] | EA(7) | SEA(7) | GB30 | QD,10 Hz/2 mA, 30 min/time | 5 | PWLPWPT | NR | < 0.05 | | Qiliang et al. [22] | EA(12)
EA + celecoxib (12) | Model(12)
Celecoxib(12) | ST36, BL60 | QD, 4/Hz,1 mA,30 min/time | 20 | PWT | NR | < 0.05 | | Li [24] | EA(16)
EA | Model(8)
Model | ST36/BL60 and ST36/GB30
ST36/GB30 | QID,15 Hz, 2-5 mA, 30 min/time, 15 Hz,2-5 mA, 30 min/time, | 6 | PWT | NR | > 0.05 | | 10 | PWT | > 0.05 | | Smeester et al. [25] | EA(97) | Model(39)
Sham EA(67) | ST36 | 2/week,4 Hz,30 min/time | 6 | PWT | NR | < 0.01 | | Kuai et al. [26] | EA(20) | Model(10)
Morphine(10) | L3-L5 Jiaji | QD,2/100 Hz,30 min/time | 6 | PWL | NR | < 0.01 | | Zhao et al. [28] | EA(10) | model(10) | BL2 | QD,2/100 Hz, 0.3 mA,13 min/time | 12 | PWT, PWL, BW | NR | < 0.05 | | Zhao et al. [29] | EA(8)
EA(8)
EA + Zoledronic acid(8) | Model(8)
Zoledronic acid(8)
Zoledronic acid(8) | BL2 | QD,2/100 Hz, 3 mA, 6.5 min/time | 12 | BW, PWL PWT | NR | < 0.05 | | Si-ma et al. [27] | EA(20) | Morphine(10) | ST36, SP6 | QD,2/100 Hz,0.5–1.5 mA, 30 min/time | 9 | PWT | NR | < 0.01 | | Du et al. [30] | EA(42) | Model(7) | ST36, BL60 | 1-2 mA,30 min/time | 7 | PWT | NR | < 0.01 | | Du et al. [31] | EA(8) | Model (8) | ST36, GenDuan | QID,2 Hz,1-2 mA,30 min/time | 7 | PWT | NR | < 0.05 | | Lu et al. [32] | EA(12)
EA + morphine(12) | Model(12)
Morphine(12) | L3-5JiaJi | QD, 2/100 Hz, 2 mA, 30 min/time | 6 | PWL, GFAP, IL-1β | NR | < 0.01 | | Lu et al. [33] | EA(8) | Model(8) | L3-5JiaJi | QD, 2/100 Hz, 30 min/time | 6 | PWL | NR | < 0.05 | | Sima et al. [34] | EA(8)
EA + morphine
tolerance(8) | SEA(8)
Model(8)
Morphine tolerance | ST36, SP6 | QD,2/100 Hz, 0.5–1.5 mA, 30 min/time | 9 | PWT | NR | < 0.01 | | Fu et al. [35] | EA I (8)
EA II (8) | Model(8)
Morphine tolerance(8)
SEA(11) | ST36, BL60 | QD,2/100 Hz, 2/100 Hz, 0.5–1.5 mA, 30 min/time | 7/18 | PWT | NR | < 0.05 | | Fu et al. [36] | EA(6) | Model(8)
Morphine tolerance(8)
SEA(6) | ST36, BL60 | QD, 2/100 Hz, 0.5–1.5 mA, 30 min/time | 7 | PWT | NR | < 0.01 | | Guan et al. [37] | EA + herbal plaster (20) | Herbal plaster(20) | ST36, BL60 | QID, 2/100 Hz, 30 min/time, | 6 | PWT, IL-1β | NR | < 0.05 | | Liang et al. [39] | EA(15) | Model(13)
Morphine(13) | ST36, BL60 | QID, 2/100 Hz, 0.5-1.0-1.5 mA,30 min/time | 8 | PWT | NR | < 0.01 | | Liang et al. [38] | EA(13) | Model(10)
Morphine(10) | ST36, BL60 | QID, 2/100 Hz, 0.5–1.5 mA, 30 min/time | 8 | PWT | NR | < 0.01 | | Qin et al. [40] | EA(12)
EA + Herbal plaster(12) | Model(12)
plaster(12) | ST36, BL60 | QD, 2/100 Hz,0.5–1.5mA30 min/time | 12 | PWL, PWT | NR | < 0.01 | | Cai et al. [41] | EA(13) | Model(10)
Morphine(10) | ST-36, BL60 | QID,2/100 Hz,0.5–1.5 mA,30 min/time | 8 | PWT, BW | NR | < 0.05 | | Shi et al. [42] | EA(11) | Model(8)
Morphine tolerance(11)
SEA(9) | ST-36, BL60 | QD, 2/100 Hz,0.5–1.5 mA, 30 min/time | 7 | PWT | NR | < 0.05 | | Guan et al. [43] | EA + herbal medicine (20) | Herbal medicine (20) | ST36, GenDuan | QD,1-2 mA,30 min/time | 20 | BW, PWL | NR | < 0.05 |
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