Acupuncture for Cancer-Induced Bone Pain in Animal Models: A Systemic Review and Meta-Analysis

Table 5

Studies that cannot be pooled by meta-analysis.

Study ID	EA group	Control group	Potential mechanism
Qiliang [20]	PWT⟶	PWT ↑ (EA + Celebrex)	X
Qiliang et al. [22]	PWT⟶	PWT ↑ (EA + Celebrex)	X
Zhang et al. [21]	PWL↑	PWL ⟶ (SEA)	EA suppresses the IL-1β
Zhang et al. [23]	PWL↑PWPT↑	PWL ⟶ PWPT ⟶ (SEA)	EA decreases PPD mRNA
Li [24]	PWT⟶	PWT ⟶ (SEA)	X
Smeester et al. [25]	PWT↑	PWT ⟶ (SEA)	EA reduces tumor-associated neutrophils and PGE2
Zhao et al. [28]	PWT↑PWL↑	PWT ⟶ PWL ⟶ (Model)	The contents of rats hypothalamic β-endorphin were restrained
Du et al. [30]	PWT↑	PWT ⟶ (SEA, model)	X
Fu et al. [35]	PWT↑	PWT ⟶ (SEA); PWT ⟶ (MT)	X
Fu et al. [36]	PWT↑	PWT ⟶ (SEA); PWT ⟶ (MT)	Improve the MOR positive cells expression in nucleus coeruleus
Liang et al. [38]	PWT↑	PWT ↑ (morphine); (EA < morphine)	EA increased splenic Con A-induced T cell proliferation and plasma IL-2 content and increased the percentages of splenic CD3+ CD4+ and CD3+ CD8+ T cell subsets
Shi et al. [42]	PWT↑	PWT ⟶ (Model); PWT ⟶ (SEA); PWT ⟶ (MT)	Increase MOR expression and promote endocytosis of MOR in locus coeruleus region

PWT = paw withdrawal threshold; PWL = paw withdrawal latency; PWPT = paw withdrawal. Pressure threshold; EA = electroacupuncture; SEA = sham electroacupuncture; PPD = preprodynorphin; MT = morphine tolerance; PGE2 = prostaglandin E₂; Con A = concanavalin. A; MOR = μ-opioid receptor; ↑ = increase; ⟶ = no change; x = no report.